Tuesday, January 17, 2012

Chapters 7 and 8

56 comments:

  1. Vigilant- keenly watchful to detect danger

    Warily- watchful; being on one's guard against danger

    Heedless- careless, thoughtless, unmindful

    Propitious- presenting favorable conditions

    Monsoon- the seasonal wing of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter

    Incessant- continuing without interruption; ceaseless; unending

    Rivulet- a small stream

    Paddy- a rice field

    Somber- dim, gloomy, or shadowy

    Abate- to reduce in amount, defree, intensity, etc.; lessen; diminish

    Batter- to damage by beating or hard usage

    Placid- pleasantly calm or peaceful; unruffled; tranquil; serenely quit or undisturbed

    Deflated- to depress or reduce (a person or a person's ego, hopes, spirits, etc.)

    Granary- a storehouse or repository for grain

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  2. Ghastly- terrible; very bad

    Tannery- to convert (a hide) into leather, especially by soaking or steeping in a bath prepared from tanbark or synthetically

    Corrugated- to draw or bend into folds or alternate furrows and ridges

    Gruel- a light, usually thin, cooked cereal made by boiling meal, especially oatmeal, in water or milk

    Impotence- the condition or quality of being impotent; weakness

    Sherenie Yeung Period 2 Chapter 7

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  3. Jayali Cano
    Period 3 Chapter 8

    Boon- something to be thankful for; blessing; benefit.

    Hooligans- a ruffian or hoodlum.

    Idling- not working or active; unemployed; doing nothing

    Bazaars-a marketplace or shopping quarter

    Uncouth- awkward, clumsy, or unmannerly

    Schemes-an underhand plot

    Breeding-the result of upbringing or training as shown in behavior and manners

    Provocative- tending or serving to provoke; inciting, stimulating,irritating, or vexing

    Trollop-an immoral or promiscuous woman, especially a prostitute

    Farewell- leave-taking; departure

    Sprawling- to spread out, extend, or be distributed

    Flourished-to be successful; prosper

    Muslims- of or pertaining to the religion, law, or civilization of Islam

    Queer-strange or odd from a conventional viewpoint; unusually different

    Voluminous-of ample size, extent, or fullness

    Draperies-coverings, hangings, clothing, etc., of fabric, especially as arranged in loose, graceful folds

    Bourkas- a loose garment covering the entire body and having a veiled opening for the eyes, worn by Muslim women

    Compensations- recompense, payment, amends, reparation; requital,satisfaction, indemnification

    Endure-to bear without resistance or with patience; tolerate

    Beckoning-to signal, summon, or direct by a gesture of the head or hand.

    Laden-to fill or cover abundantly

    Unfettered-to free from restraint; liberate

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  4. Jayali Cano

    Questions:

    1) Why is Rukmani so against the tannery?

    2) Beauty is brought up a lot in this book. Why is it important? who does it benefit?

    "...with her good looks and provocative body she could be sure of

    admiration..."(46)

    Also beauty is viewed differently because when Rukmani sees the

    Muslim women she says nothing about beauty, Yet I find her

    description to be very beautiful.

    "...Very pale,the bones small and fine. Her eyes were pale too, a

    curious light brown matching her silky hair." (48)

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  5. Stephanie Brito
    Period 2

    In chapter 8 you see that Rukmani doesnt value the materialistic things as Kali does.

    Kali would rather have servants and have a good life like the women who wore bourka's

    Rukmani would rather feel the sunlight and cool breeze on her face than be covered up completely like the women.

    "For a year perhaps," I said, "not forever. Who could endure such a filtering of sunlight and fresh air as they do?" (52)

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  6. Historical Context On Bourka's

    Now the bourkas are called Burqas
    They cover all the body except the eyes

    During the 17th century where the book takes place the women who are of a higher tittle wear these bourkas and the women like Rukmani view them different since they have never seen such things.

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  7. Questions;

    Was it the British who brang the tannerys to their village?

    The book mostly is in the time period before India had gone threw its colonial independance in 1947

    Since India had just been going threw industrialization they did not have their tannery and people working and bring home good wages, however it doesnt really say who brang the tannerys to the village.


    Why is this ?

    "First Village to start working in the tannery" (50)

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  8. Question;

    Is it ironic that Rukmani says nature is like an wild animal that you have to train to benifit you, but later on the rain hits them early and no one expected it to happen and they were unpprepared.?

    "Nature is like a wild animal that you have traid to work for you"(43)

    "That year the monsoon broke earlyand with an evil intensity such as none could remember before" (43)

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  9. Kayla Chang
    Period 2

    Characters in Chapter 7

    Rukmani- narrator, protagonist

    Ira- Rukmani’s daughter, her first child. Ira is named for the great Irawaddy River because water is so precious.

    Nathan - Rukmani’s husband, a tenant farmer.

    Arjun- Rukmani and Nathan’s first son.

    Thambi- Rukmani and Nathan’s second son, who also goes to the tannery.

    Kali- The wife of a neighboring farmer in the village.

    Hanuman- The wife of a neighboring farmer in the village.

    Biswas- The moneylender who thrives on the misfortunes of others.

    Kenny- A white doctor who ministers to the people in the village.

    Chapter 8

    Kunthi- The village beauty, pregnant when Rukmani first meets her. Kunthi is distant, reserved, and slightly contemptuous of Rukmani, but she is provocative with men.

    Janaki- The village shopkeeper’s homely wife who befriends Rukmani.

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  10. Kevin Doodnauth
    Period 2
    Chapter 7
    Vocabulary:
    Monsoon:Any wind that changes directions with the seasons.

    Listlessness:Having or showing little or no interest in anything.

    Paddy:a field planted with rice,a growing crop or when harvested but not yet milled

    Deflated:to depress or reduce (a person or a person's ego, hopes, spirits, etc.)

    Incessant:continuing without interruption

    Gruel: A thin cooked cereal made by boiling meal, especially oatmeal, in water or milk.

    Tannery:To convert (a hide) into leather, especially by soaking or steeping in a bath prepared from tanbark or synthetically

    Fibres: Fiber

    Desolation:Devastation; ruin

    Granary:A storehouse or repository for grain, especially after it has been threshed or husked

    Vigilant:Careless

    Impotence:Lack of self-restraint, weakness

    Abate:To reduce in amount, degree, intensity, etc.

    Corrugated:To draw or bend into folds or alternate furrows and ridges,to make irrigation ditches in (a field).

    Hanuman:Also called entellus, held sacred in India

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  11. Questions for Chapter 7:

    Why cant Ruku and Nathan try to save they're rice paddy while they had a chance?

    Why do they not call out for help if it is needed?

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  12. Historical Context for Chapter 7:

    During the 17th century in the setting of the book many women who are of a higher rank wear bourkas and many women such as Rukmani see them in a different way since they never seen anything like that before.

    India in the 17th century was in very tough economic situation,many people worked everyday to bring home goods for them and their families due to the fact they didn't have tannery's.

    During the ranting storm mentioned in this chapter, it was the type of thing that supposadley lasted more longer than usual

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  13. Kevin Doodnauth
    Period 2
    Chapter 8:
    Vocabulary:
    Bazaars:A marketplace or shopping quarter, especially one in the Middle East.

    Kunthi:The village beauty, pregnant when Rukmani first meets her.

    Veiled:Not openly or directly expressed; masked; disguised; hidden; obscure.

    Admiration:A feeling of wonder, pleasure, or approval.

    Provocative: Inciting, stimulating, irritating, or vexing.

    Compensation:Something given or received as an equivalent for services, debt, loss, injury, suffering, lack, etc.

    Draperies: Long curtains, usually of heavy fabric and often designed to open and close across a window.

    Voluminous:Of great volume, size, or extent

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  14. Questions for Chapter 8:

    How does the sunlight and the sky seem so amazing all of a sudden?

    How do looks persuade you but yet you still seem lonely in the end, you didn't do anything to get with her?

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  15. Historical Context for Chapter 8:

    Many people had servants ans maids while some people who were very poor just like Kali

    Bourka's were full body head suits that only did not cover the eyes of women to show they and respect for themselves and for the people of society

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  19. Chapter 7

    Summary
    After Ira had left with her husband, the son of a wealthy father, terrible rainy season rose over the village and destroyed most of the villagers’ homes and killed many people. The storm also destroyed Rukmani’s and Nathan’s farm and were unable to feed their children with what they had. They went to the village with two rupees but they were unable to buy anything, but after a few days, they were able to by some rice from Biswas who charged them extra because of the scarce amount of food. They met Kenny on the way home, he was angry and being very unlike him, for he started to act violent. Very soon it was time for the water to be drained and there the family was able to catch fishes that inhabited in the area. Nathan and the sons caught many fishes. At night, they were able to remove the rice grains they could find (only two measures). The fishes were eaten and saved for the next day and the next. Rukmani planned for what to do next with the field of theirs, she would began to think of planting new crops for money and needs of the family.

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  20. Chapter7
    Period 3
    Characters

    Hanuman- (in Hinduism, a leader of monkeys who assists Rama) a general merchant
    Biswas- a money- lender that Rukmani had sold to with higher price to instead of the Old Granny
    Kenny- the man who had ‘treated’ Rukmani when she was in trouble with her family, for she gave birth to a daughter only and is in need of a son

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  21. Chapter 7
    Period 3
    Vocabulary

    Listlessness- lacking energy, interest, or the willingness to make an effort

    Weatherproof- able to withstand exposure to rain or bad weather

    Mild- gentle, easy-going, and slow to get angry

    Thatched- a plant material used as roofing on a house, e.g. straw or rushes

    Doleful- sad and mournful

    Suit- to do what you prefer

    Reproachful- expressing disapproval or blame

    Wick- a string or piece of fabric that uses capillary action to draw the fuel to the flame in a candle, oil lamp, or cigarette lighter
    Fared- to get on in a particular way in doing or experiencing something

    Rupees- the main unit of currency in India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, the Seychelles, and Sri Lanka

    Uprooted- to remove or destroy something completely

    Sprawled- to extend over or across something in a disordered, awkward, or ugly way

    Flimsy- weak and too easily broken

    Heap- a large number of things lying on top of one another, or a large quantity of material, forming a roughly rounded shape

    Studding- to be present or visible throughout something

    Starkly- forbidding in its bareness and lack of any ornament, relieving feature, or pleasant prospect

    Distended- to expand, swell, or inflate as if by pressure from within, or cause something to do this

    Amid- surrounded by things or people

    Calamity- a disastrous situation or event

    Tattoo- a steady rhythmic beating made on a surface such as a drum

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  22. Research
    Colonialism- a policy in which a country rules other nations and develops trade for its own benefit

    The author has used the words “Labour”, “Humour”, and “Endeavour” in this chapter, these words are not spelled incorrectly, it is written in UK English, unlike American English which is written without the extra “u”.

    Question:
    Ollocks??
    What is it? Is it a typo?? There is no definition for it and it’s closest to the word “bollocks” which is a British slang for ‘testicles’ that means: nonsense and rubbish.

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  23. Chapter 8
    Period 3
    Vocabulary

    Peasant- an offensive term for somebody considered to be ill-mannered or uneducated

    Wrathfully- strong anger, often with a desire for revenge

    Tanners- somebody who tans animal skins

    Flourished- to be strong and healthy or grow well, especially because conditions are right

    Officials- a holder of office in an organization, corporation, or government department

    Whitewashed- lime suspended in water, often with glue or sizing, and used like paint for whitening walls

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  24. Chapter 8
    Period 3
    Question:

    If the woman wears a Burka to dress modestly and not to expose their beauty, as tradition why would the woman that Rukmani sold to remove her Burka?

    “…the woman threw off her veil the better to select what she wanted.” (52)

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  25. Chapter 8
    Another Question:

    How did Kunthi's personality change so fast?
    She was very shy, now she is arrogant and rude.
    "Stupid words. No wonder they call us senseless peasant women; but I am not and never will be." (50
    "Kunthi only shrugged...and left us." (50)

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  26. Sammi, I think it's not that her personality "changed", from the beginning we know that Kunthi have married under her so she was probably never happy living in such a poor lifestyle so when she heard Rukmani complaining about the new changes in their village Kunthi probably snapped. Like, she was probably "surprised" someone actually thought that their village should actually stay the way it is.

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  27. Also, in response to your first question, in the book the woman made Rukmani go "indoors" so technically the woman isn't exactly exposing her beauty to everyone. Also, I think it's not as strict as to not expose her beauty to woman because most of the time in religion, where your not allowed to expose your beauty it's usually directed to not expose your beauty to men (though I'm not so sure about that one).
    I hope this answered your question. :)

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  28. To Jayali, I think Rukmani is so against the tannery because she doesn't want her village to change, just simply because she likes it the way it is.

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  30. To Kevin, I think they weren't able to save their rice paddy because the storm was too big, there wouldn't have been a way to save their rice paddy anyways because the water is flooding everything and the wind has already tore everything from the roots (unless you think there's something they could have done?)

    Also, they wouldn't be able to call for help because everyone else needs to help themselves after the storm. Everyone else in the village is also starving so they probably couldn't ask for help from someone else in the village unless they could given something back to help them back.

    And to your question about chapter 8, I think Rukmani doesn't particularly think that the sunlight is amazing but I think she's just questioning the way of the Muslims (it's the Muslims right?) since the woman cover their face are veiled in Bourkas** Rukmani is only going like "oh, why would they cover their faces when the sun and the breeze is so nice" and stuff. She's basically questioning why wouldn't they want to have these "ordinary pleasures"(52).

    And I don't really understand your other question...

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  31. Chapter 7 vocabulary:
    Propitious- favorable and likely to lead to success.
    Monsoon- rainy season.
    Incessantly- Continuing without interruption.
    Vessel- A hollow utensil, such as a cup, vase, or pitcher, used as a container.
    Rivulets- a small stream or river.
    Sombrely- Dark; gloomy.
    Vivid- strikingly bright or intense in color.
    Placid- tending or appearing to be calm and not easily excited, upset, or disturbed.
    Fared- To get along (how something is coming along)
    Granary - a warehouse or storeroom for grain.
    Desolate- laying waste.
    Distend- To swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure.
    Corrugated- folded into parallel ridges and troughs.
    Studding- The wood framework of a wall or partition.
    Pervade- to spread through or be present throughout something.
    Endeavour- to make a serious and sincere effort to achieve something.
    Impotence- without the strength or power to do anything effective or helpful.
    Expectant- excitedly anticipating something.
    Ventured - a risky or daring undertaking that has no guarantee of success.
    Scarcity- insufficient supply.
    Pallid- having an unhealthily pale complexion.
    Meek- showing mildness or quietness of nature.
    Ghastly- horrifying.
    Raving- wildly irrational, angry, or insulting.
    Thresh- to separate the seeds of a harvested plant from the straw and chaff, husks, or other residue.
    Winnow- : to separate grain from its husks chaff by tossing it in the air or blowing air through it.
    Hull- the outer covering of a seed or fruit, as the husk of grain, pod of a pea, shell of a nut.
    Meagre- of poor quality or small amount.
    Shoals- a large group of fish.
    Mesh- Strands of net.

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  32. Historical Context for chapter 7:
    Rupees- the main unit of currency in India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, the Seychelles, and Sri Lanka
    Tannery- a building or factory where animal skins and hides are tanned.
    Hanuman- Hindu Myth:
    1. Hanuman is the monkey deity renowned for his courage, power and faithful, selfless service. He is the son of Anjana, an female Apsara who had been transformed into a monkey by a curse, and Vayu, the wind god.
    2. The mighty ape that aided Lord Rama in his expedition against evil forces. Hanuman is worshiped as a symbol of physical strength, perseverance and devotion. The birth of Hanuman released Anjana from the curse.
    3. Hanuman is a Hindu deity, who is an ardent devotee of Rama, a central character in the Indian epic Ramayana. A general among the vanaras, an ape-like race of forest-dwellers, Hanuman is an incarnation of the divine, whose fate it is to aid the hero Rama in the struggle against the demon king Ravana.
    (I’m really not too sure about this one…)
    Sari- a garment, traditionally worn by South Asian women, consisting of a long rectangle of fabric reaching the feet, wrapped and pleated around the waist over an underskirt and short-sleeved fitted top choli, and draped over the shoulder.

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  35. Vocabulary for Chapter 8:
    Uncouth- ill-mannered.

    Provocative- making people angry or excited.

    Trollop- an offensive term that deliberately insults a woman who is a prostitute or who is reputed to be sexually promiscuous.

    Unfettered- not restricted.

    Draperies- cloth or clothing that has been arranged to hang in elegant or decorative folds.

    Bourka- a loose garment covering the entire body and having a veiled opening for the eyes, worn by Muslim women.

    Voluminous- having great size, capacity, or fullness.

    Beckoning- gesture to somebody to come.

    Laden- carrying a load, usually a heavy load.

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  36. The effects of colonialism is both good and bad. For Rukmani it's bad because she feels that now prices for household goods have gone up and their money is worth less, meaning they can buy less things with the money they have. Also, colonialism has disturbed the peace in Rukmani's village "now it's all noise and crowds everywhere"(50).
    But for Kuthni colonialism is good because her sons have started working in the Tannery where they have better wages then working on a farm.

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  37. Some effects of the precolonial life that are present are people make less money since most of the people in Rukmani's village grow crops and sell them, which makes less money then working in the tannery. Also, everything has to be done be hand, no machinery.

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  38. The plot in chapter 7 is that there's a big storm and it has destroyed all the crops and ruined piratically all the huts in the village. After the storm everyone in the village is depressed about not having enough food to feed themselves and their families and they're worrying about rebuilding their thatches, since most of them have blown off or were destroyed by the rain and the wind. Rukmani in particular tried to by rice from the Hanuman who is a merchant who sells rice, but he rejects her offer and tells her that he only have enough rice to feed his own family, but Rukmnai continued to plead him and seeing her desperation the Hanuman tells her that the Biswas might be selling rice. And so, Rukmani goes to see the Biswas and offered 2 ruppees for some rice, but the Biswas made her pay 2 ollocks for a small amount of rice instead. Rukmani goes home with the small sack of rice and bumps in Kenny who insults her village and it's people, ignoring this Rukmani walks away. When she enters her house Nathan announces that there's tons of fish in fields and just like that hope of surviving through the next few weeks increased. Rukmani and her family continues to work to regrow their crops, and continues to eat dried, slated fish and small amount of rice each day.

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  39. The plot in chapter 8 starts off with Kunthi telling Rukmani how her two sons have gone to work in the Tannery and they get higher wages, in order to prove to Rukmani that the change in the village is good. But instead Rukmani continues to disagree with her, Kunthi frustrated with Rukmani's words, calls her a senseless peasant woman and walks away. Later on Janaki and Rukmani get to talking about Kunthi and how she goes to town for no reason just to show off her beauty, and Janaki calls Kunthi a trollop. The story then goes on to how the tannery have increased and Muslims have started living in their village. The Muslim men work hard, but the Muslim woman don't do any work, and Rukmani comments how she feels sorry for the woman because they have to hide their faces and they aren't able to have ordinary pleasures ( like feel the warmth of the sun and such). And one day when Rukmani was taking some of her vegetables to the market a Muslim woman made her go into this "indoor" place and took off her veil to pick the vegetables she wanted. For the first time Rukmani saw the face of the woman and noticed how beautiful their sun deprived face looks like, after the woman finished buying the vegetables from Rukmani, RUkmani left and the woman shut the door and the windows.

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  40. Chapter 7
    Jasmin Cohetero Period 2
    I have a few questions:
    Why does Kenny insult Rukmnai when she goes out into the village to get some food for her family? Why doesn't she defend herself?
    Why doesn't Rukmonai and her family just go to another village where there might be better land?

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  41. Wait! But aren't storms good for land that is used to grow foods? I mean doesn't it make the land for fertile? Thats what I didn't understand very well.

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  42. Chapter 8
    Continuing on to what Gloria said. Kali said she'd rather be like a Muslim lady that covers their face to not show their beauty because they have a easy life. They dont have to worry about a meal not being on their plate all the time and they always have plenty on their hands.
    It seems as if they have become very selfish and mean. They only care about themselves.
    why didnt they welcome them into the village?

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  43. @Jasmin

    Storms are very bad for the land depending on how severe it is. If it's a light rainfall, then obviously it can help the soil. However, the heavy rainfall that occurred in the book drowned the plants and destroyed it. I hope this helped because I'm bad at explaining.

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  44. Aislee Nieves
    Period 3.

    Characters within Chapter 7-

    Ira- Ira is Rukmani’s daughter. She is more beautiful then both of her parents.

    Nathan- Nathan is a young husband and is married to Rukamani.

    Thambi- Rukmani and Nathan’s second son. He is known as a trouble maker.

    Rukami- A Young wife married to Nathan.

    Kali- The wife of a neighboring farmer in the village. She also introduces Rukami to many neighborhood women.

    Kenny - Kenny is a A white doctor who ministers to the people in the village. Kenny and Rukami become good friends when Rukmani overcomesher infertility, she is forever grateful.

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  45. Aislee Nieves
    Period 3.

    Characters within Chapter 8-

    Kunthi- Kunthi is so beautiful, she is the most beautiful in the village. She also happens to be pregnant when Rukami meets her.

    Janaki- The village shopkeeper’s homely wife who befriends Rukmani.

    I listed characters so that you guys know who is who because we are going to come across a bunch of characters throughout the entire book, so its good to identify Rukami's family and people in the village.

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  46. Nectar In A Sieve was written in England in the early 1950's.

    You should also know that it was published in 1954.

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  47. Period 3

    Historical Context
    1).Ancient Romans considered June the most propitious season for getting married. Hymen, the god of marriage, considered June the most propitious season of the year for entering upon matrimonial relations. The Romans held weddings in June because they believed it would bring more happiness than any other part of the month. In chapter 7, Ira was given to wed in the month of June.
    2). Islam is a doctrine that Muslims believe in. Islam is a monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur’an, a text considered to be the words of God. Muslims believe God is incomparable and the purpose of existence is to worship God. Religious practices include the five pillars of Islam. The five pillars of Islam are obligatory acts of worship.

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  48. Kunthi makes unnecessary journeys to towns for people to admire her good looks and provocative body. In chapter 8, it mentions that Kunthi has a husband. Why doesn't Kunthi's husband do something about Kunthi's unnecessary actions?

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  49. Chapter 7- Nectar In the Sieve
    Vocabulary:
    Vigilant-Keeping danger watch for possible dangers or difficulties
    Warily-In a wary manner
    Propitious-Presenting favorable conditions
    Listlessness-Having or showing little or none interest in anything
    Incessantly-Continuing without interruption
    Pitilessly-Feeling or showing no pity
    Thatched-A covering of a such material
    Vessels-A craft of traveling on water
    Rivulets-A small stream
    Tender-Showing gentleness and concern or sympathy
    Doleful-Expressing sorrow; mournful
    Wick- A strip of porous material up witch liquid fuel is drawn by capillary action to the flame in a candle, lamp, or lighter
    Saucer-A shallow dish
    Abate-Cause to become smaller or less intense
    Paddy-A field where rice is grown
    Placid-Calm and peaceful, with little movement or activity
    Fared- Perform in a specified way in a particular situation or over a particular period of time
    Deflated-Let air or gas out of (a tire, balloon, or similar object)
    Granary-A storehouse or repository for grain
    Desolation-Devastation; ruin
    Uprooted-to pull out or as if by the roots
    Indiscriminately-Not discriminating; lacking in care
    Tannery-A place where tanning is carried on
    Demolished-Ruined; broken down
    Embedded- To fix in a surrounding mass
    Distended -Increase in size, volume, etc.
    Starkly-Sheer, utter, downright, or complete
    Amid-In the middle of
    Haltingly-Faltering or hesitating
    Unspent-Not spent or used
    Gruel-A light, usually thin, cooked cereal made by boiling meal
    Calamity-A great misfortune or disaster
    Impotence- Weakness
    Endeavour-To exert oneself to do or effect something
    Pervading-To become spread throughout all parts
    Expectant-Having expectations
    Loomed-The art pr the process of weaving
    Subsided-To sink to a low or lower level
    Rupees-A cupronickel coin and monetary unit of India, Nepal, Pakistan, equal to 100 paise
    Sari- A garment worn by Hindu women
    Pallid-Pale; faint or deficient in color
    Meek-Humbly patient or docile, as under provocation from others
    Ghastly-Shockingly frightful or dreadful
    Raving-Talking wildly
    Prickly-Full of or armed with prickles
    Anticipation-Expectation or hope
    Dams-Any barrier resembling a dam
    Eroded-To eat into or away
    Meshes-Any knit, woven, or knotted fabric of open texture
    Shoals-A place where a sea river or other body of water is shallow
    Triumph-Glory
    Winnow- To blow upon
    Hulling-Material for framework and shell of the hull of a ship

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  50. Chapter 7:
    Glossary Of Characters-
    Ira-Rukmanis daughter.She had a sweet, obedient, uncomplaining nature.

    Nathan-Is the husband of Rukmani, and was married at a very young age.

    Arjun-Rukmanis and Nathans first son.

    Thambi-Rukmanis and Nathans second son, both arjun and thambi cause trouble.

    Kali-A wife to a neighborhood farmer.Helps rukmanis live her life and gives advice to her.

    Biswas- He is a moneylender, his goal is to create misfortunes for others.

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  51. Historical Concepts:
    Chapter 7:
    1)In chapter 7, Rukmainis and Nathan undergo a rain storm which was the monsoon rain. The monsoon rain is the rainy phase of a seasonally-changing pattern. When seasons change some places in the world go through a storm so it could go through.
    2)Chapter 7 also talks about Ira getting married in June which is considered a propitious season. Getting married in a propitious season brings good luck according to the ancient Romans.

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  52. Chapter 7:
    Plot:
    Rukmanis and her husband Nathan undergo a very powerful rain storm in their village. At first it seemed interesting to them but as the night went on it grew more and more powerful. By morning alot of things were ruined. The place they grow food, many houses and people killed by the lightning. It was already hard for them to live this just made it more harder.

    Pre-Colonial Life:
    1)Rukmainis and Nathan live in a mud house which is damaged because of the rain storm that was really powerful.
    2)Rukmanis had to grow food on land and that was also ruined because of the very powerful rainstorm.
    Most of the Pre-Colonial life was expressed negatively.

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  53. Chapter 8:
    Vocabulary:
    Hooligans-A ruffian or hoodlum
    Idling-not working or active
    Bazaars-A marketplace or shopping quarter
    Uncouth-Awkward, clumsy, or unmannerly
    Breeding-The producing of offspring
    Wrathfully-Very angry
    Provocative-Tending or serving to provoke
    Trollop-An immortal or promiscuous woman, especially a prostitute
    Sprawling-To be stretched or spread out in an unnatural or ungraceful manner
    Flourished-To be in a vigorous state
    Muslims-Of or pertaining to the religion, law, or civilization of Islam
    Queer-Strange or odd from a conventional viewpoint
    Veiled-Covered or concealed by, or as if by, a veil.
    Bourkas-A loose garment covering the entire body and having a veiled opening for the eyes, worn by Muslim women.
    Voluminous-Forming, filling, or writing a large volume
    Draperies-Coverings, hangings, clothing
    Swishing-To move with or make a sibilant sound
    Shutter-A person or thing that shuts
    Deprived-Lacking the necessities of life
    Compensations-The act or state of compensating
    Endure-To hold against
    Filtering-Any device, as a tank or tube, containing such a substance for filtering.
    Beckoning-To signal, summon, or direct by a gesture of he head or hand.
    Slender-Thin or slight; light or graceful
    Laden-Burdened
    Unfettered-To free from restraint

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  54. Chapter 8:
    Glossary of all Characters:
    Kunthi-Known for her beauty,has two sons and they work in the tannery
    Janaki- One of the village shopkeeper wife
    Kali- A wife of the neighborhood farmer

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  55. Chapter 8:
    Historical Concepts:
    1)In chapter 8 it talks about Muslim people.How she saw a Muslim women all covered by a veil.Muslim people's faith is Islam.It is a monotheistic ( belief of one god) religion, they believe in one god and the last prophet Muhammad.Go by the holy book Quaran and follow the five pillars of Islam. It has major laws and one law talked about in this chapter is the Muslim women covering herself by a veil. It is stated that a women should cover herself from everyone except her husband and/or family.

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  56. Chapter 8:
    Plot:
    Kunthi and her two sons start working in the tannery. She tell them how these people in the village are bad.Denies she is one of them. She doesn't except the fact she did some bad things in her life when it came to her having nothing. She told the story of what happened to her and how it all started.
    Colonialism:
    It talks about how their were markers which provided food and other unnecessary items to live easily.It expresses diversity not only talks about on specific groups, starts to talk about other ethnic and religious group of people.
    More positively expressed because it talks more how the new stores and easy access to food helps.

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