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Morosely- in a morose manner Morose- Sullen and ill-tempered. Giddy- Having a sensation of whirling and a tendency to fall or stagger; dizzy. Feeble- Lacking physical strength, especially as a result of age or illness Sullen - Bad-tempered and sulky; gloomy.
Gaunt- Lean and haggard, especially because of suffering, hunger, or age. Goggling- Look with wide open eyes, typically in amazement or wonder. Grief- Deep sorrow, that is mostly caused by someone's death Gravely- serious and solemn look preoccupation- The state or condition of being preoccupied or engrossed with something.
Rukmani - The narrator and protagonist of the novel. Rukmani recalls with clarity and unflinching honesty the choices and decisions that have brought both joy and despair. Her father taught her to read and write, and she passes these valuable skills on to her children. She develops a great love for the beauty and the land. Though not outwardly beautiful, she is loving, hardworking, thrifty, and patient. She is also capable of violence when pushed too far.
Nathan - Rukmani’s husband, a tenant farmer who loves the land. Nathan is gentle and kind to his wife and becomes a true life partner to her over the years. None of his children show interest in working the land with him, which is both heartbreaking and a hardship for him. Nathan is upright and thoughtful, serious but also capable of joy. A tireless worker with a gift for farming, Nathan introduces hardships to his family through his infidelity with Kunthi.
Kennington is a district situated in Central London, England, with a small part around The Oval which is classed as South London. It is mainly within the London Borough of Lambeth, although part of the area is within the London Borough of Southwark.
kingfisher- any of numerous fish- or insect-eating birds of the family Alcedinidae that have a large head and a long, stout bill and are usually crested and brilliantly colored.
kali- the wife of Shiva and the malevolent form of the Mother Goddess.
Janaki is a name of the Hindu Goddess Seeta.
saffron- Also called vegetable gold. a crocus, Crocus sativus, having showy purple flowers.
curries- a pungent dish of vegetables, onions, meat or fish, etc., flavored with various spices or curry powder, and often eaten with rice.
dhal- the ninth letter of the Arabic alphabet.
jaggery- a coarse, dark sugar, especially that made from the sap of East Indian palm trees.
bulbul- a songbird often mentioned in Persian poetry, regarded as being a nightingale.
tara - a village in Co Meath near Dublin, by the Hill of Tara , the historic seat of the ancient Irish kings
furore- a general outburst of enthusiasm, excitement, controversy, or the like.
thambi- younger brother
Arjun (pronounced [ɐrˈɟun]) is a first name of a male, based on Arjuna, a legendary hero who is considered as the greatest archer ever and a central character in the Hindu epic Mahabharata.
Murugan- also called Kartikeyan, Skanda and Subrahmanyan, is a popular Hindu deity especially among Tamil Hindus, worshipped primarily in areas with Tamil influences, especially South India, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Mauritius and Reunion Island. His six most important shrines in India are the Arupadaiveedu temples, located in Tamil Nadu. In Sri Lanka, Hindus as well as Buddhists revere the sacred historical Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna and the sacred Buddhist and Hindu shrine or Katirkāmam Temple (also in Sinhala "Katharagama Devalaya") dedicated to him, situated deep south in the country.[1] Ethnic Chinese in Penang, Kuala Lumpur, of Malaysia also pray to Lord Murugan during Thaipusam.
Raja- is an Indian term for a monarch, or princely ruler of the Kshatriya varna. The female form, the word for "queen", mainly used for a raja's wife, is rani (sometimes spelled ranee), ī, or ratu, dato, datuk, or datu in Southeast Asia. The title has a long history in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda, where a rājan- is a ruler, see for example the (dāśarājñá), the "battle of ten kings".
brinjals- hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable
Chapter 3: Vocabulary- Deity(22): A god or goddess Summoned(23): Urgently demanded Gaudy(25): Extravagantly bright, flashy Clamour(25): Loud outcry from a crowd Novelty(26): Newness Rupee(28): Indian unit of money
Characters: -Kenny: A white doctor who helped Rukmani's mother when she was sick and also helped Rukmani with her infertility problems. -Biswas: A moneylender that buys Rukmani's vegetables for double the price the Old Granny pays. -Old Granny: Buys Rukmani's vegetables and still remains friendly with her even after she started selling the vegetables to Biswas.
Chapter 4: Vocabulary- Bullock(29): Young bull Tannery(29): A place where animal hides were tanned (the process of treating animal skin to become leather, etc.) Teetered(29): Sway back and forth Intonation(30): The rise and fall of the voice when speaking Kilns(31): An oven for burning, baking, drying Chattels(31): Possessions Vats(31): A large tank or tub used to hold liquids Bazaar(32): A market in a Middle Eastern country Vehement(32): Showing strong feeling, forceful, violent Wanton(34): A sexually immodest woman
Context- Maidans are open spaces in or near a town used as a parade grounds for events in the Indian subcontinent. In this chapter Rukmani is upset that the traders took away the maidan where the children played and that they raised the prices in the market. (32)
Chapter 3 Stuff You Should Know: Imploring: begging or asking urgently Pandal: a temporary shed for public events used in India Furore: excitement or enthusiasm Ira: Rukmani's first born child, her daughter Arjun, Thambi, Murugan, Raja, and Selvam: Rukmani's five sons Annas: Indian currency, no longer used
Chapter 4 More Stuff You Should Know: Wrought: Embellished Kiln: a furnace or oven Vehement: strongly emotional Bioscope: an early for of movie projector
FIRST SIGN OF COLONIALISM: Many workers, led by a white man, seemingly take over Rukmani's village for months at a time in order to build a tannery. This negatively affects the villagers' lives as prices for everyday goods skyrocket.
Vocabulary: Supplicant(22)- people who pray humbly Sunken(23) - hollow, depressed Slunk(24) - to move away in a fearful, cowardly way Tint(25) - a color or a variety of a color
Historical Context: -Indians carve charms out of stones called lingams. It is a sign of fertility with the face of their god, Shiva, engraved on it. People pray to the stone for good luck in childbirth.
Vocabulary: Relinquish(29) - to renounce or surrender Wrought(29) - crude Maidan(29) - an open area or space in or near a town Bullock(29) - a castrated bull Tannery(29) - a place where tanning is carried on Shrill(30) - high-pitched and piercing sound Pi-Dog(30) - Chinese/Indian feral dog Din(30) - a loud noise Topee(30) - a lightweight helmet Over Seer(30) - supervisor Doffed(30) - to remove or take off Clangour(31) - a loud, resonant sound Corrugated(31) - to draw or bend into folds Chattels(31) - a moveable article of personal property
Historical Context: -Indian Farmers grow most of their food and sell whatever is left, this makes most of the citizens farmers.
Chapter 3 Characters: Rukmani - The protagonist, last born daughter of her family Nathan - Rukmani's husband Kali - The wife of a neighbor who also farms in the village. She helps Rukmani when she has her first son Kunthi - The village beauty who is glad that the tannery (the men who went to the village and nuilt huts and a big building) are there Janaki - A shoekeeper's wife who is Rukmani's friend Ira - Rukmani's first child and daughter Kennington(a.k.a Kenny)- A new doctor that has recently come to their village Arjun - Rukmani and Nathan's first son Thambi - Rukmani and Nathan’s second son Murugan - Rukmani and Nathan’s third son Raja - Rukmani and Nathan’s fourth son Selvam - Rukmani and Nathan’s fifth son Old Granny - A woman without family who can barely make a living Biswas - A moneylender
Conflict: At the beginning of the chapter, the problem is that Rukmani’s mother is dying and they don’t know what to do to make her get better. Also, Rukmani has only a daughter but no son. Towards the end of the story the conflict is that when she has five sons and her daughter, they have little food to eat at home and Rukmani has to sell the crops she grows on her farm to be able to have money to buy other stuff they need. Setting: In the beginning of the chapter, Rukmani is at her parent’s house in her old village. Later on, when she has her children, they are in Rukmani’s current village which is where her husband lives. Interactions: Rukmani and her mom get along very well and whenever Rukmani went to visit her mother, her mother took her to a temple where they would pray to the gods to let Rukmani have a son.
When her mother is sick, Rukmani confesses to the Kenny (the doctor) that she doesn’t have any sons and he in return helps her figure out if anything is wrong with her. Rukmani’s mother trusts Kenny and he helps her die a painless death. Nathan tries to make his wife happy and notices when she is upset because Kenny isn’t at their celebration. The Old Granny buys Rukmani’s crops for a fair price. Biswas makes a deal with Rukmani and he buys her crops for a better place than the Old Granny.
Vocabulary: Fertility - the ability to produce offspring; power of reproduction Lingered - to remain or stay on in a place longer than is usual or expected, as if from reluctance to leave Aloof - distant, unsympathetic, or supercilious in manner, attitude, or feeling Gaudy marriage pandal - marriage hall, known as the pandal Bulbul tara – a musical instrument Clamour - a loud uproar, as from a crowd of people Thrumming - to play on a stringed instrument, as a guitar, by plucking the strings, especially in an idle, monotonous, or unskillful manner; strum Consoled - to alleviate or lessen the grief, sorrow, or disappointment of; give solace or comfort Hamper - to hold back; hinder; impede Confine - to enclose within bounds; limit or restrict Fractious - refractory or unruly Resigned - to renew or extend a contract Gunny sack - a bag made of burlap Brinjals - hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable Absurdly - utterly or obviously senseless, illogical, or untrue; contrary to all reason or common sense; laughably foolish or false
Haggling - to bargain in a petty, quibbling, and often contentious manner Annas - a former cupronickel coin of Pakistan, the 16th part of a rupee: last issued in 1960 Curds - Often, curds. a substance consisting mainly of casein and the like, obtained from milk by coagulation, and used as food or made into cheese Spawned – to give birth to; give rise to Paddy - rice, especially in the husk, either uncut or gathered Rupee - a cupronickel coin and monetary unit of Mauritius, the Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, equal to 100 cents
Historical Context: Hinduism - An ancient religion with no founder or known date of origin. The term "Hinduism" simply derives from the word "India" and refers to a wide variety of religious traditions and philosophies that have developed in India over thousands of years. Most Hindus worship one or more deities, believe in reincarnation, value the practice of meditation, and observe festive holidays like Diwali and Holi Pre – Colonialism and Colonialism: The doctor (Kennington) is an example of pre colonialism because he is the first white doctor in their village. This could lead to more British men to come to their village and colonize it. It isn't colonialism yet because there are no other white men yet.
** THIS IS YALIZ CAMPO'S HW ** Chapter 3 Plot: Conflict: Ruku is upset that she can't have any children and she really wants to have a son. Also Ruku's mom is really sick. Eventually, Ruku's mom dies and Ruku has a son but doesn't want to tell her husband how she got pregnant. The doctor made an effect of pre-colonial life because he's a white man who is trying to gain confidence of the people in India. It's a positive effect because he helped Ruku get pregnant and help Ruku's mother die without suffering Vocabulary: Fractious- characterized by fraction Furore - violent anger Squalling - a loud, harsh outcry Bulbul - songbird Saffron a cooking spice Aloof- distant Lingam- a phallus worshiped as a symbol of the Hindu god Shiva Feeble-lacking strength Deity - a god or goddes Giddy- dizzy
Vocabulary: Deity (18) – A good or goddess Imploring (18) – To beg someone desperately to do something Pleas (18) – A request made in an urgent manner Supplicant (18) – Prayer Feeble (18) – Lacking physical strength Beckoned (18) – Make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to encourage someone to come nearer or follow Fertility (18) – Birthrate Gravely (19) – In a sober manner Aloof (20) – Not friendly Saffron (21) – An orange-yellow color Dhal (21) – A common foodstuff in India Jaggery (21) – Brown sugar made from palm sap Gaudy (21) – Extravagantly bright or showy Clamour (21) – Loud outcry from many people Emit (21) – Make (a sound) Infancy (22) – The early stage in the development or growth of something Fractious (22) – Easily irritated Absurdly (23) – In an unreasonable manner Chaff (23) – Lighthearted joking Curds (24) – A soft, white substance formed when milk sours, used as the basis for cheese Rupee (24) – The basic monetary unit of India Bullock (25) – Young bull Tannery (25) – A place where animal hides are tanned Intonation (26) – The rise and fall of the voice in speaking Vehement (28) – Showing strong feeling Dowry (28) – Money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage Whither (29) – To what place or state Curtailing (30) – To restrict
The effects of colonialism that are present are negative. The villagers aren’t happy or used to the foreigners. They feel as if the foreigners are taking over her areas, and they are trying to control everything. The foreigners, also known as the “red-faced white men”, brought unpleasant things with them to these villages. For example, they brought with them a constant small of brew and liquors.
Setting: Around a village in the region of India. Mood: The mood seems to be discontent. The villagers don’t like the foreigners. They are not content with the way the foreigners are treating their village. Conflict: A major conflict revolves around the villagers and the foreigners. The foreigners keep arriving at the village slowly. The foreigners have already pulled down many houses in the village. Also, they have bullock carts carrying bricks throughout the village. This conflict is causing Rukmani and her husband, Nathan, to act differently.
Glossary of Characters: Rukmani: The main character. She is also the narrator. Nathan: Rukmani’s husband. Ira: Rukmani’s and Nathan’s first child. She is also their only daughter. Kennington: Also Known as Kenny. He was a white man and the doctor for Rukmani’s mother. He also helped Rukmani to give birth to her sons. Arjun: Rukmani and Nathan’s first son. Thambi: Another one of Rukmani’s and Nathan’s son. Murugan: Another one of Rukmani’s and Nathan’s son. Raja: Another one of Rukmani’s and Nathan’s son. Selvam: Another one of Rukmani’s and Nathan’s son.
Chapter 4 Vocabulary: Gradual - taking place, changing, moving, etc., by small degrees or little by little Relinquish - to renounce or surrender Corrugated - to wrinkle, as the skin or face Maidan - (in Pakistan, India, etc) an open space used for meetings, sports, etc Clustered - a number of things of the same kind, growing or held together; a bunch Heme - biochem a complex red organic pigment containing ferrous iron, present in haemoglobin Fro - Obsolete . from; back Granary - a storehouse or repository for grain, especially after it has been threshed or husked Shrill - high-pitched and piercing in sound quality Pi-Dog – (from Hindi pāhī outsider) an ownerless dog Clangour - a loud resonant often-repeated noise; uproar Prone - having a natural inclination or tendency to something; disposed; liable Topee - (in India) a lightweight helmet or sun hat made from the pith of the sola plant Hoist - to raise or lift, especially by some mechanical appliance Thatch - a covering of such a material Loincloth - a piece of cloth worn around the loins or hips, especially in tropical regions as the only item of clothing Turban - a man's headdress worn chiefly by Muslims in southern Asia, consisting of a long cloth of silk, linen, cotton, etc., wound either about a cap or directly around the head Doffed - to remove or take off, as clothing Unwonted - out of the ordinary; unusual Haughty - disdainfully proud; snobbish; scornfully arrogant; supercilious Laden - burdened; loaded down Apprehensively - uneasy or fearful about something that might happen Ghee - a kind of liquid butter, used especially in the cooking of India, made from the milk of cows or buffaloes and clarified by boiling Barter - to trade by exchange of commodities rather than by the use of money Hoard - to accumulate for preservation, future use, etc., in a hidden or carefully guarded place Dissembling - to give a false or misleading appearance to; conceal the truth or real nature of Dowry - Money, property, or material goods that a bride's family gives to the bridegroom or his family at the time of the wedding. In many cultures, the dowry not only helps to cement the relationship between the bride's and groom's families but also serves to reinforce traditional family roles and gender roles. Fancied - imagination or fantasy, especially as exercised in a capricious manner Whither - to whatever place, purpose, etc Curtailing - to cut short; cut off a part of; abridge; reduce; diminish
Chapter 3: Characters: Kali, Kunthi, Janaki, Nathan, Ira, Rukmani, Her mother, Her Father, Doctor Kenny, Baby Arjun, Thambi, Murugan, Raja, Selvam, Biswas, Old Grsnny Main Confict: Rukmani dont have a son which is solved later on in the book. Small Conflict: harvest, there is not alot of food for the family, because its sold to the villagers for money, the moneylender cause Rukmani to not serve the Old Lady as well as the past. Setting: In the village, and Rukmani's home Interactions: Rukmani had to decide on her own Mood: Troubling, Uneasy ->Positve colonialism because of the settling means they dont ahve to chase their food, they can get the food at the markets/stalls. ->Exanple of Pre-Colonial is the wondering child Ira she runs in the field with no clothing which isnt civilized. this is a negative effect because its kind of showing your body away at a certain age.
Vocabulary: brood- a number of young produced or hatched at one time. morosely- Gloomily or sullenly ill-humored. deity- god / goddess pleas- appeal supplicant- pray humbly feeble- physically week, as of age or sickness lingam- masculine gender lingered- to stay or remain gaunt- extremely thin or bony goggling-glasses or eye glass with special portective lens aloof- at a distance/ apart tinting- color or a variety of a color saffron- vegetable gold a crocus brinjal- dark purple color dhal- 19th letter of the arabic alphabet bulbul tara- classical musical instrument furore- outburst of excitement haggling- to bargain annas- coins of Pakistan in 1950 fractious- bad temper
History- bulbul tara is originally a Indian musical instrument. none of the food mentioned in the story are not found in Africa, it can't be grown there. Glossary- Kali- wife of neighbr that has big and plump hips and breast Kunthi- yougest of ladies, small and graceful Janaki- married a shopkeeper. Nathan- Rukmani's husband who made a mud house Ira- first child, age 7 before a new child Rukmani- the first person of the book her mother- always prayed for rukmani for a son but died her father- alive at the time when a son was born doctor kenny- help make it less painful for rukmani's mother to past away Baby Arjun- first son of rukmani Thambi- son of Rukmani Murugan- son of Rukmani Raja- son of Rukmani Selvam- son of Rukmani Biswas- moneylender Banker Old Granny- compliments rukmani's fruits and owns gunny sacks
Chapter 4: Interactions: the white men come to the village and build huts without the village permission. Mood: Queasy, Uncomfortable Setting: Ruku's village It's a negative effect because the villagers won't have the same freedom as they did when the white men weren't there. One effect of pre-colonial life is that its limiting the villagers. For example, the white men build huts in the maidan where the kis played. So now the children of the village have limited space to play in. The white men are also limiting their freedom rights because the overseer of the construction order the villagers to not bother the workers in the villager's maidan.
* Conflict for chapter 3: He disturb the workers. Even thought he was a foreigner in their villages. Ruku ends up no liking these white people while others just accept them. Ira is maturing so she becomes limited to her freedom.
Characters: Rukmani - The protagonist, last born daughter of her family Nathan - Rukmani's husband Kali - The wife of a neighbor who also farms in the village. She helps Rukmani when she has her first son Kunthi - The village beauty who is glad that the tannery (the men who went to the village and nuilt huts and a big building) are there Arjun - Rukmani and Nathan's first son White men – The British who have come to colonize them The overseer – Tells the white men what to do
Conflict: The foreigners came and built a building on their land. They also built huts and moved there. This affected their economy in a bad way. Rukmani doesn’t want them to be there and is surprised/ saddened that everybody else is accepting the white men and their families into their village.
Setting: Rukmani and Nathan’s village
Interactions: The white men built a building and huts to live in with their families in their village Kunthi and Nathan try to convince Rukmani that it is a good thing that the men have come. They only think about the positive things while Rukmani is thinking about the negative things
Historical Context: The British want to colonize their village. British rule brought the Industrial Revolution to India, changing traditional rural life. Young men moved off the land to earn money in factories instead of by growing crops.
Mood: For Rukmani it’s sad because she is the only one who doesn’t accept the British For the rest of the village it is happy because they think that the British will bring great fortune and improvements to their village
Colonialism: They are influencing the village because of their way of being. All of the new things they have brought to their village if starting to make the villagers act different from how they regularly/ normally do. This can be positive because of the diversity and cultural diffusion it can bring. It can also be negative because it can destroy and get rid of the villager’s culture.
** Mood for chapter 3: Mostly sad for Rukmani because she doesn’t have a son yet and her mother died. Also, once she has six children, she no longer has as much food to feed her family. However, later on in the chapter the mood is content because she has a son at last (and then has four more).
Simon Cheng Period 2 Chapter 4: Characters: Doctor Kenny, Janaki and her family, Old Granny, workers. Nathan, Rukmani and her fater, Arjun, tall man, Kanman, red faced white man, Kali and her husband, Kunthi and her boys. Conflict: the white men are invading their territory, and Ira has to grow up and experience life by herself. Setting: village and out side the village [maidan]. Interactions: the village have to decide what are they goin to do about the white's Mood: Suspisous, Unsecured Colonialism of the white moving in, is a negative thing because then they are ruining/''changing'' the original native's land. Pre-Colonialnism like being curiose or curious of new technology/people, is positive because this can make cultural disfussion.
Vocabulary- bullock- young bull gunny- fabric used for making sacks pi-dogs- chinese indian dogs [stray dog] shrill- high pitched loincloths- underwaers for mens around the waste in hot countries turbans- man's headdress topee- hat used for sun protection maidan- South India open space for sport/meeting chaplis- white wine from France haughty-superior himp-health improvement modernistion programme afeild- to or at a distance prisperous- sucessful in matter terms ceaseless- constant and unending clangour- a loud, repeating sound din- loud confused noise bazaai- a market in mid eastern country queer- strange or odd view point reconciliation- re-establiching relations wanton- shown, used/ sexually lawless subduing- to conquer / superior force curtailing- reduce in quantity barter- to trade/ exchange by money
History: 1960-1990 was when india was invaded by white settlers. European expansion of the sphere of influence by French. which may led to the sepoy rebellion
Glossary: Kali- wife of neighbr that has big and plump hips and breast Kunthi- yougest of ladies, small and graceful Janaki- married a shopkeeper. Nathan- Rukmani's husband who made a mud house Rukmani- the first person of the book her father- seen him and the mother died doctor kenny- help make it less painful for rukmani's mother to past away Baby Arjun- first son of rukmani Old Granny- compliments rukmani's fruits and owns gunny sacks worker- whites that help build homes at the maidan tall man and red faced white man- leader of the white's Ira- has to go off on her own and get a family
Vocabulary: deity- a god/goddess, desire fertility- the state of being fertile heme- a deep-red iron containing blood pigment corrugated- to wrinkle topee- a lightweight helmet or sun hat hoist- to raise or lift doffed- to remove or take off emit- make a sound mood: the mood is calm/sorrow because Rukmani can't have children but really wants a son
Chapter 3 Essential Question:Was colonialism and its effects beneficial or harmful to the people of India?
So far in the book of chapter 3, colonialism is beneficial for this chapter because of Kennington. Kennington is a European doctor from Great Britain who tries to help Rukmani's mother recover from severe pain. He treated Rukmani's mother with powders and pills and visits her often. Ultimately, the attempt to help Rukmani's mother has ended with a painless death. The appearance and actions of Kennington proves that colonialism is beneficial because new technology and inventions were introduced from Europe especially Great Britain to India. Medicine and health advances benefit the people of Indian culture which means that colonialism does more good than harm to India.
Chapter 4 Essential Question:Was colonialism and its effects beneficial or harmful to the people of India?
On the other hand,in chapter 4 colonialism is shown to be harmful to the people of India. Hundreds of men came to the Maidan with a long line of bullock carts filled with bricks for a new tannery. When it's being built, the men all worked with an overseer and the people of the village watched. Then a white man came to speak with the overseer. This event of the new tannery being built proves colonialism harming India because the new tannery is being built on Indian's land without their permission. The white people just do anything they want and no one can stop them even though it's wrong. The new tannery on Indian land means that the white men can build anything on India, they can change India, and they can do anything to India since India has nothing against them nor have anything to say about this but watch themselves get taken over by someone else. Overall colonialism is harmful to India in chapter 4.
Chapter 3 -The plot Characters:Kennington or Kenny,Arjun, Thambi, Ira, Murugan, Raja, Old Granny,Biswas and Selvam.
Conflicts: + Ruku had no son for the past six years. + Ruku's mother is ill. + Ruku and Nathan are not able to afford to feed their children with only what they have now.
Setting: At the beginning of the story, Ruku went to visit her ill mother at her house. Then in her mother's house,she meets Kenny, a white doctor. He helps her get pregnant. Then later back at her home, she gave birth to Arjun and more children.
Interactions: + The relationship between Ruku and her mother is very close because they would always pray together. + The relationship between Ruku and the white doctor, Kenny is like friends. Although it is not traditionally right for her, a woman to speak about her thought to a stranger, specially a man, she still comfortable to talk to him.
Mood: The beginning of chapter 3, the mood was worry because everyone was very concern about Ruku. They were anxious because she could not get pregnant and give birth to a son.
-What effects of colonialism are present and are they positive or negative? The effects of colonialism are positive because there is no one invading or taking control of the village yet. Plus, the doctor, a white man, is treating Ruku and the people in a excellent and nice manner. Therefore, at this part of the book, colonialism have not yet happen.
-What effects of pre-colonial life are present and are they positive or negative? The effects of pre-colonial life are positive because even though Ruku and the village people are poor, they are still able to feed themselves. Also, the relationship between the people are very close. Everyone takes care of each other. Therefore, pre-colonial life was great for Ruku.
-Glossary of characters Kenny - A white doctor who ministers to the people in the village. When Kenny helps Rukmani overcome her infertility, she is forever grateful, and the two become friends.
Ira - Rukmani’s daughter, her first child. Ira is named for the great Irawaddy River because water is so precious. Ira is more beautiful than either of her parents and has a sweet, obedient, uncomplaining nature.
Old Granny - A woman without family who barely scrapes a living selling produce in the village. Old Granny remains friendly with Rukmani even after Rukmani stops selling garden produce to her.
Arjun - Rukmani and Nathan’s first son.
Thambi - Rukmani and Nathan’s second son
Murugan - Rukmani and Nathan’s third son.
Raja - Rukmani and Nathan’s fourth son.
Selvam - Rukmani and Nathan’s fifth son.
Biswas - The moneylender who thrives on the misfortunes of others.
Chapter 4 The plot Characters: Nathan, Ruku and the village people.
Conflicts: - Workmen started to build a tannery. - Ruku thought their life was benefited at the end of the chapter but then Nathan told her that the workmen might be back. The workmen did came back but this time they brought pollution, more noises and etc. -Ruku had to keep Ira at home for her safety. Though she is only 13, she is so beautiful that a lot man notices her when she walk pass.
Setting: The village where Ruku and Nathan lives.
Mood: The mood seem to be surprised because Ruku never experienced such situation where a hundred men comes to build a tannery. But then the mood change it to happy because Ruku was benefited from the tannery. However, in the end, the mood change to annoy because the workmen brought pollution and more noises to the village.
What effects of colonialism are present and are they positive or negative? The effect of colonialism are both positive and negative because first, Ruku and her people were benefited from the tannery. However, at the end, the white workmen came back and affected the village as if the village were theirs.
What effects of pre-colonial life are present and are they positive or negative? The effects of pre-colonial life is positive because people were naive. They did not know any technology or anything advance but they lived very happily and closely. They did not have to worry about anything.
Morosely- in a morose manner
ReplyDeleteMorose- Sullen and ill-tempered.
Giddy- Having a sensation of whirling and a tendency to fall or stagger; dizzy.
Feeble- Lacking physical strength, especially as a result of age or illness
Sullen - Bad-tempered and sulky; gloomy.
Gaunt- Lean and haggard, especially because of suffering, hunger, or age.
ReplyDeleteGoggling- Look with wide open eyes, typically in amazement or wonder.
Grief- Deep sorrow, that is mostly caused by someone's death
Gravely- serious and solemn look
preoccupation- The state or condition of being preoccupied or engrossed with something.
Rukmani - The narrator and protagonist of the novel. Rukmani recalls with clarity and unflinching honesty the choices and decisions that have brought both joy and despair. Her father taught her to read and write, and she passes these valuable skills on to her children. She develops a great love for the beauty and the land. Though not outwardly beautiful, she is loving, hardworking, thrifty, and patient. She is also capable of violence when pushed too far.
ReplyDeleteNathan - Rukmani’s husband, a tenant farmer who loves the land. Nathan is gentle and kind to his wife and becomes a true life partner to her over the years. None of his children show interest in working the land with him, which is both heartbreaking and a hardship for him. Nathan is upright and thoughtful, serious but also capable of joy. A tireless worker with a gift for farming, Nathan introduces hardships to his family through his infidelity with Kunthi.
brood-a number of young produced or hatched at one time; a family of offspring or young.
ReplyDeletedeity- a god or goddess.
afflicted-to distress with mental or bodily pain; trouble greatly or grievously: to be afflicted with
arthritis-to distress with mental or bodily pain; trouble greatly or grievously: to be afflicted with arthritis.
lingam- Sanskrit Grammar . the masculine gender.
2. (in popular Hinduism) a phallus, symbol of Siva.
Kennington is a district situated in Central London, England, with a small part around The Oval which is classed as South London. It is mainly within the London Borough of Lambeth, although part of the area is within the London Borough of Southwark.
ReplyDeletekingfisher- any of numerous fish- or insect-eating birds of the family Alcedinidae that have a large head and a long, stout bill and are usually crested and brilliantly colored.
kali- the wife of Shiva and the malevolent form of the Mother Goddess.
Janaki is a name of the Hindu Goddess Seeta.
saffron- Also called vegetable gold. a crocus, Crocus sativus, having showy purple flowers.
curries- a pungent dish of vegetables, onions, meat or fish, etc., flavored with various spices or curry powder, and often eaten with rice.
ReplyDeletedhal- the ninth letter of the Arabic alphabet.
jaggery- a coarse, dark sugar, especially that made from the sap of East Indian palm trees.
bulbul- a songbird often mentioned in Persian poetry, regarded as being a nightingale.
tara - a village in Co Meath near Dublin, by the Hill of Tara , the historic seat of the ancient Irish kings
furore- a general outburst of enthusiasm, excitement, controversy, or the like.
thambi- younger brother
Arjun (pronounced [ɐrˈɟun]) is a first name of a male, based on Arjuna, a legendary hero who is considered as the greatest archer ever and a central character in the Hindu epic Mahabharata.
Murugan- also called Kartikeyan, Skanda and Subrahmanyan, is a popular Hindu deity especially among Tamil Hindus, worshipped primarily in areas with Tamil influences, especially South India, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Mauritius and Reunion Island. His six most important shrines in India are the Arupadaiveedu temples, located in Tamil Nadu. In Sri Lanka, Hindus as well as Buddhists revere the sacred historical Nallur Kandaswamy temple in Jaffna and the sacred Buddhist and Hindu shrine or Katirkāmam Temple (also in Sinhala "Katharagama Devalaya") dedicated to him, situated deep south in the country.[1] Ethnic Chinese in Penang, Kuala Lumpur, of Malaysia also pray to Lord Murugan during Thaipusam.
Raja- is an Indian term for a monarch, or princely ruler of the Kshatriya varna. The female form, the word for "queen", mainly used for a raja's wife, is rani (sometimes spelled ranee), ī, or ratu, dato, datuk, or datu in Southeast Asia. The title has a long history in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, being attested from the Rigveda, where a rājan- is a ruler, see for example the (dāśarājñá), the "battle of ten kings".
brinjals- hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable
Lily Zhu pd. 2
ReplyDeleteChapter 3:
Vocabulary-
Deity(22): A god or goddess
Summoned(23): Urgently demanded
Gaudy(25): Extravagantly bright, flashy
Clamour(25): Loud outcry from a crowd
Novelty(26): Newness
Rupee(28): Indian unit of money
Characters:
-Kenny: A white doctor who helped Rukmani's mother when she was sick and also helped Rukmani with her infertility problems.
-Biswas: A moneylender that buys Rukmani's vegetables for double the price the Old Granny pays.
-Old Granny: Buys Rukmani's vegetables and still remains friendly with her even after she started selling the vegetables to Biswas.
Lily Zhu pd. 2
ReplyDeleteChapter 4:
Vocabulary-
Bullock(29): Young bull
Tannery(29): A place where animal hides were tanned (the process of treating animal skin to become leather, etc.)
Teetered(29): Sway back and forth
Intonation(30): The rise and fall of the voice when speaking
Kilns(31): An oven for burning, baking, drying
Chattels(31): Possessions
Vats(31): A large tank or tub used to hold liquids
Bazaar(32): A market in a Middle Eastern country
Vehement(32): Showing strong feeling, forceful, violent
Wanton(34): A sexually immodest woman
Context-
Maidans are open spaces in or near a town used as a parade grounds for events in the Indian subcontinent. In this chapter Rukmani is upset that the traders took away the maidan where the children played and that they raised the prices in the market. (32)
Chapter 3
ReplyDeleteStuff You Should Know:
Imploring: begging or asking urgently
Pandal: a temporary shed for public events used in India
Furore: excitement or enthusiasm
Ira: Rukmani's first born child, her daughter
Arjun, Thambi, Murugan, Raja, and Selvam: Rukmani's five sons
Annas: Indian currency, no longer used
Chapter 4
ReplyDeleteMore Stuff You Should Know:
Wrought: Embellished
Kiln: a furnace or oven
Vehement: strongly emotional
Bioscope: an early for of movie projector
FIRST SIGN OF COLONIALISM: Many workers, led by a white man, seemingly take over Rukmani's village for months at a time in order to build a tannery. This negatively affects the villagers' lives as prices for everyday goods skyrocket.
Wikie Thong Period 2
ReplyDeleteChapter 3
Vocabulary:
Supplicant(22)- people who pray humbly
Sunken(23) - hollow, depressed
Slunk(24) - to move away in a fearful, cowardly way
Tint(25) - a color or a variety of a color
Historical Context:
-Indians carve charms out of stones called lingams. It is a sign of fertility with the face of their god, Shiva, engraved on it. People pray to the stone for good luck in childbirth.
Chapter 4
DeleteVocabulary:
Relinquish(29) - to renounce or surrender
Wrought(29) - crude
Maidan(29) - an open area or space in or near a town
Bullock(29) - a castrated bull
Tannery(29) - a place where tanning is carried on
Shrill(30) - high-pitched and piercing sound
Pi-Dog(30) - Chinese/Indian feral dog
Din(30) - a loud noise
Topee(30) - a lightweight helmet
Over Seer(30) - supervisor
Doffed(30) - to remove or take off
Clangour(31) - a loud, resonant sound
Corrugated(31) - to draw or bend into folds
Chattels(31) - a moveable article of personal property
Historical Context:
-Indian Farmers grow most of their food and sell whatever is left, this makes most of the citizens farmers.
Chapter 3
ReplyDeleteCharacters:
Rukmani - The protagonist, last born daughter of her family
Nathan - Rukmani's husband
Kali - The wife of a neighbor who also farms in the village. She helps Rukmani when she has her first son
Kunthi - The village beauty who is glad that the tannery (the men who went to the village and nuilt huts and a big building) are there
Janaki - A shoekeeper's wife who is Rukmani's friend
Ira - Rukmani's first child and daughter
Kennington(a.k.a Kenny)- A new doctor that has recently come to their village
Arjun - Rukmani and Nathan's first son
Thambi - Rukmani and Nathan’s second son
Murugan - Rukmani and Nathan’s third son
Raja - Rukmani and Nathan’s fourth son
Selvam - Rukmani and Nathan’s fifth son
Old Granny - A woman without family who can barely make a living
Biswas - A moneylender
Conflict: At the beginning of the chapter, the problem is that Rukmani’s mother is dying and they don’t know what to do to make her get better. Also, Rukmani has only a daughter but no son. Towards the end of the story the conflict is that when she has five sons and her daughter, they have little food to eat at home and Rukmani has to sell the crops she grows on her farm to be able to have money to buy other stuff they need.
Setting: In the beginning of the chapter, Rukmani is at her parent’s house in her old village. Later on, when she has her children, they are in Rukmani’s current village which is where her husband lives.
Interactions:
Rukmani and her mom get along very well and whenever Rukmani went to visit her mother, her mother took her to a temple where they would pray to the gods to let Rukmani have a son.
When her mother is sick, Rukmani confesses to the Kenny (the doctor) that she doesn’t have any sons and he in return helps her figure out if anything is wrong with her.
ReplyDeleteRukmani’s mother trusts Kenny and he helps her die a painless death.
Nathan tries to make his wife happy and notices when she is upset because Kenny isn’t at their celebration.
The Old Granny buys Rukmani’s crops for a fair price.
Biswas makes a deal with Rukmani and he buys her crops for a better place than the Old Granny.
Vocabulary:
Fertility - the ability to produce offspring; power of reproduction
Lingered - to remain or stay on in a place longer than is usual or expected, as if from reluctance to leave
Aloof - distant, unsympathetic, or supercilious in manner, attitude, or feeling
Gaudy marriage pandal - marriage hall, known as the pandal
Bulbul tara – a musical instrument
Clamour - a loud uproar, as from a crowd of people
Thrumming - to play on a stringed instrument, as a guitar, by plucking the strings, especially in an idle, monotonous, or unskillful manner; strum
Consoled - to alleviate or lessen the grief, sorrow, or disappointment of; give solace or comfort
Hamper - to hold back; hinder; impede
Confine - to enclose within bounds; limit or restrict
Fractious - refractory or unruly
Resigned - to renew or extend a contract
Gunny sack - a bag made of burlap
Brinjals - hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable
Absurdly - utterly or obviously senseless, illogical, or untrue; contrary to all reason or common sense; laughably foolish or false
Haggling - to bargain in a petty, quibbling, and often contentious manner
ReplyDeleteAnnas - a former cupronickel coin of Pakistan, the 16th part of a rupee: last issued in 1960
Curds - Often, curds. a substance consisting mainly of casein and the like, obtained from milk by coagulation, and used as food or made into cheese
Spawned – to give birth to; give rise to
Paddy - rice, especially in the husk, either uncut or gathered
Rupee - a cupronickel coin and monetary unit of Mauritius, the Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, equal to 100 cents
Historical Context:
Hinduism - An ancient religion with no founder or known date of origin. The term "Hinduism" simply derives from the word "India" and refers to a wide variety of religious traditions and philosophies that have developed in India over thousands of years. Most Hindus worship one or more deities, believe in reincarnation, value the practice of meditation, and observe festive holidays like Diwali and Holi
Pre – Colonialism and Colonialism:
The doctor (Kennington) is an example of pre colonialism because he is the first white doctor in their village. This could lead to more British men to come to their village and colonize it. It isn't colonialism yet because there are no other white men yet.
The doctor's arrival is positive because he helped a lot of people. He also made Rukmani's mother's death less painful.
ReplyDelete** THIS IS YALIZ CAMPO'S HW **
ReplyDeleteChapter 3
Plot: Conflict: Ruku is upset that she can't have any children and she really wants to have a son. Also Ruku's mom is really sick. Eventually, Ruku's mom dies and Ruku has a son but doesn't want to tell her husband how she got pregnant.
The doctor made an effect of pre-colonial life because he's a white man who is trying to gain confidence of the people in India. It's a positive effect because he helped Ruku get pregnant and help Ruku's mother die without suffering
Vocabulary:
Fractious- characterized by fraction Furore - violent anger
Squalling - a loud, harsh outcry
Bulbul - songbird Saffron a cooking spice
Aloof- distant
Lingam- a phallus worshiped as a symbol of the Hindu god Shiva
Feeble-lacking strength
Deity - a god or goddes
Giddy- dizzy
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteVocabulary:
ReplyDeleteDeity (18) – A good or goddess
Imploring (18) – To beg someone desperately to do something
Pleas (18) – A request made in an urgent manner
Supplicant (18) – Prayer
Feeble (18) – Lacking physical strength
Beckoned (18) – Make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to encourage someone to come nearer or follow
Fertility (18) – Birthrate
Gravely (19) – In a sober manner
Aloof (20) – Not friendly
Saffron (21) – An orange-yellow color
Dhal (21) – A common foodstuff in India
Jaggery (21) – Brown sugar made from palm sap
Gaudy (21) – Extravagantly bright or showy
Clamour (21) – Loud outcry from many people
Emit (21) – Make (a sound)
Infancy (22) – The early stage in the development or growth of something
Fractious (22) – Easily irritated
Absurdly (23) – In an unreasonable manner
Chaff (23) – Lighthearted joking
Curds (24) – A soft, white substance formed when milk sours, used as the basis for cheese
Rupee (24) – The basic monetary unit of India
Bullock (25) – Young bull
Tannery (25) – A place where animal hides are tanned
Intonation (26) – The rise and fall of the voice in speaking
Vehement (28) – Showing strong feeling
Dowry (28) – Money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage
Whither (29) – To what place or state
Curtailing (30) – To restrict
The effects of colonialism that are present are negative. The villagers aren’t happy or used to the foreigners. They feel as if the foreigners are taking over her areas, and they are trying to control everything. The foreigners, also known as the “red-faced white men”, brought unpleasant things with them to these villages. For example, they brought with them a constant small of brew and liquors.
ReplyDeleteSetting: Around a village in the region of India.
Mood: The mood seems to be discontent. The villagers don’t like the foreigners. They are not content with the way the foreigners are treating their village.
Conflict: A major conflict revolves around the villagers and the foreigners. The foreigners keep arriving at the village slowly. The foreigners have already pulled down many houses in the village. Also, they have bullock carts carrying bricks throughout the village. This conflict is causing Rukmani and her husband, Nathan, to act differently.
Glossary of Characters:
ReplyDeleteRukmani: The main character. She is also the narrator.
Nathan: Rukmani’s husband.
Ira: Rukmani’s and Nathan’s first child. She is also their only daughter.
Kennington: Also Known as Kenny. He was a white man and the doctor for Rukmani’s mother. He also helped Rukmani to give birth to her sons.
Arjun: Rukmani and Nathan’s first son.
Thambi: Another one of Rukmani’s and Nathan’s son.
Murugan: Another one of Rukmani’s and Nathan’s son.
Raja: Another one of Rukmani’s and Nathan’s son.
Selvam: Another one of Rukmani’s and Nathan’s son.
Chapter 4
ReplyDeleteVocabulary:
Gradual - taking place, changing, moving, etc., by small degrees or little by little
Relinquish - to renounce or surrender
Corrugated - to wrinkle, as the skin or face
Maidan - (in Pakistan, India, etc) an open space used for meetings, sports, etc
Clustered - a number of things of the same kind, growing or held together; a bunch
Heme - biochem a complex red organic pigment containing ferrous iron, present in haemoglobin
Fro - Obsolete . from; back
Granary - a storehouse or repository for grain, especially after it has been threshed or husked
Shrill - high-pitched and piercing in sound quality
Pi-Dog – (from Hindi pāhī outsider) an ownerless dog
Clangour - a loud resonant often-repeated noise; uproar
Prone - having a natural inclination or tendency to something; disposed; liable
Topee - (in India) a lightweight helmet or sun hat made from the pith of the sola plant
Hoist - to raise or lift, especially by some mechanical appliance
Thatch - a covering of such a material
Loincloth - a piece of cloth worn around the loins or hips, especially in tropical regions as the only item of clothing
Turban - a man's headdress worn chiefly by Muslims in southern Asia, consisting of a long cloth of silk, linen, cotton, etc., wound either about a cap or directly around the head
Doffed - to remove or take off, as clothing
Unwonted - out of the ordinary; unusual
Haughty - disdainfully proud; snobbish; scornfully arrogant; supercilious
Laden - burdened; loaded down
Apprehensively - uneasy or fearful about something that might happen
Ghee - a kind of liquid butter, used especially in the cooking of India, made from the milk of cows or buffaloes and clarified by boiling
Barter - to trade by exchange of commodities rather than by the use of money
Hoard - to accumulate for preservation, future use, etc., in a hidden or carefully guarded place
Dissembling - to give a false or misleading appearance to; conceal the truth or real nature of
Dowry - Money, property, or material goods that a bride's family gives to the bridegroom or his family at the time of the wedding. In many cultures, the dowry not only helps to cement the relationship between the bride's and groom's families but also serves to reinforce traditional family roles and gender roles.
Fancied - imagination or fantasy, especially as exercised in a capricious manner
Whither - to whatever place, purpose, etc
Curtailing - to cut short; cut off a part of; abridge; reduce; diminish
Simon Cheng Period 2
ReplyDeleteChapter 3:
Characters: Kali, Kunthi, Janaki, Nathan, Ira, Rukmani, Her mother, Her Father, Doctor Kenny, Baby Arjun, Thambi, Murugan, Raja, Selvam, Biswas, Old Grsnny
Main Confict: Rukmani dont have a son which is solved later on in the book.
Small Conflict: harvest, there is not alot of food for the family, because its sold to the villagers for money, the moneylender cause Rukmani to not serve the Old Lady as well as the past.
Setting: In the village, and Rukmani's home
Interactions: Rukmani had to decide on her own
Mood: Troubling, Uneasy
->Positve colonialism because of the settling means they dont ahve to chase their food, they can get the food at the markets/stalls.
->Exanple of Pre-Colonial is the wondering child Ira she runs in the field with no clothing which isnt civilized. this is a negative effect because its kind of showing your body away at a certain age.
Vocabulary:
Deletebrood- a number of young produced or hatched at one time.
morosely- Gloomily or sullenly ill-humored.
deity- god / goddess
pleas- appeal
supplicant- pray humbly
feeble- physically week, as of age or sickness
lingam- masculine gender
lingered- to stay or remain
gaunt- extremely thin or bony
goggling-glasses or eye glass with special portective lens
aloof- at a distance/ apart
tinting- color or a variety of a color
saffron- vegetable gold a crocus
brinjal- dark purple color
dhal- 19th letter of the arabic alphabet
bulbul tara- classical musical instrument
furore- outburst of excitement
haggling- to bargain
annas- coins of Pakistan in 1950
fractious- bad temper
History-
bulbul tara is originally a Indian musical instrument.
none of the food mentioned in the story are not found in Africa, it can't be grown there.
Glossary-
Kali- wife of neighbr that has big and plump hips and breast
Kunthi- yougest of ladies, small and graceful
Janaki- married a shopkeeper.
Nathan- Rukmani's husband who made a mud house
Ira- first child, age 7 before a new child
Rukmani- the first person of the book
her mother- always prayed for rukmani for a son but died
her father- alive at the time when a son was born
doctor kenny- help make it less painful for rukmani's mother to past away
Baby Arjun- first son of rukmani
Thambi- son of Rukmani
Murugan- son of Rukmani
Raja- son of Rukmani
Selvam- son of Rukmani
Biswas- moneylender Banker
Old Granny- compliments rukmani's fruits and owns gunny sacks
**THIS IS YALIZ CAMPO'S HW**
ReplyDeleteChapter 4:
Interactions: the white men come to the village and build huts without the village permission. Mood: Queasy, Uncomfortable
Setting: Ruku's village
It's a negative effect because the villagers won't have the same freedom as they did when the white men weren't there.
One effect of pre-colonial life is that its limiting the villagers. For example, the white men build huts in the maidan where the kis played. So now the children of the village have limited space to play in. The white men are also limiting their freedom rights because the overseer of the construction order the villagers to not bother the workers in the villager's maidan.
* Conflict for chapter 3:
He disturb the workers. Even thought he was a foreigner in their villages. Ruku ends up no liking these white people while others just accept them. Ira is maturing so she becomes limited to her freedom.
Characters:
ReplyDeleteRukmani - The protagonist, last born daughter of her family
Nathan - Rukmani's husband
Kali - The wife of a neighbor who also farms in the village. She helps Rukmani when she has her first son
Kunthi - The village beauty who is glad that the tannery (the men who went to the village and nuilt huts and a big building) are there
Arjun - Rukmani and Nathan's first son
White men – The British who have come to colonize them
The overseer – Tells the white men what to do
Conflict:
The foreigners came and built a building on their land. They also built huts and moved there. This affected their economy in a bad way. Rukmani doesn’t want them to be there and is surprised/ saddened that everybody else is accepting the white men and their families into their village.
Setting:
Rukmani and Nathan’s village
Interactions:
The white men built a building and huts to live in with their families in their village
Kunthi and Nathan try to convince Rukmani that it is a good thing that the men have come. They only think about the positive things while Rukmani is thinking about the negative things
Historical Context:
The British want to colonize their village. British rule brought the Industrial Revolution to India, changing traditional rural life. Young men moved off the land to earn money in factories instead of by growing crops.
Mood:
ReplyDeleteFor Rukmani it’s sad because she is the only one who doesn’t accept the British
For the rest of the village it is happy because they think that the British will bring great fortune and improvements to their village
Colonialism:
They are influencing the village because of their way of being. All of the new things they have brought to their village if starting to make the villagers act different from how they regularly/ normally do. This can be positive because of the diversity and cultural diffusion it can bring. It can also be negative because it can destroy and get rid of the villager’s culture.
** Mood for chapter 3:
Mostly sad for Rukmani because she doesn’t have a son yet and her mother died. Also, once she has six children, she no longer has as much food to feed her family.
However, later on in the chapter the mood is content because she has a son at last (and then has four more).
Simon Cheng Period 2
ReplyDeleteChapter 4:
Characters: Doctor Kenny, Janaki and her family, Old Granny, workers. Nathan, Rukmani and her fater, Arjun, tall man, Kanman, red faced white man, Kali and her husband, Kunthi and her boys.
Conflict: the white men are invading their territory, and Ira has to grow up and experience life by herself.
Setting: village and out side the village [maidan].
Interactions: the village have to decide what are they goin to do about the white's
Mood: Suspisous, Unsecured
Colonialism of the white moving in, is a negative thing because then they are ruining/''changing'' the original native's land.
Pre-Colonialnism like being curiose or curious of new technology/people, is positive because this can make cultural disfussion.
Vocabulary-
Deletebullock- young bull
gunny- fabric used for making sacks
pi-dogs- chinese indian dogs [stray dog]
shrill- high pitched
loincloths- underwaers for mens around the waste in hot countries
turbans- man's headdress
topee- hat used for sun protection
maidan- South India open space for sport/meeting
chaplis- white wine from France
haughty-superior
himp-health improvement modernistion programme
afeild- to or at a distance
prisperous- sucessful in matter terms
ceaseless- constant and unending
clangour- a loud, repeating sound
din- loud confused noise
bazaai- a market in mid eastern country
queer- strange or odd view point
reconciliation- re-establiching relations
wanton- shown, used/ sexually lawless
subduing- to conquer / superior force
curtailing- reduce in quantity
barter- to trade/ exchange by money
History:
1960-1990 was when india was invaded by white settlers.
European expansion of the sphere of influence by French. which may led to the sepoy rebellion
Glossary:
Kali- wife of neighbr that has big and plump hips and breast
Kunthi- yougest of ladies, small and graceful
Janaki- married a shopkeeper.
Nathan- Rukmani's husband who made a mud house
Rukmani- the first person of the book
her father- seen him and the mother died
doctor kenny- help make it less painful for rukmani's mother to past away
Baby Arjun- first son of rukmani
Old Granny- compliments rukmani's fruits and owns gunny sacks
worker- whites that help build homes at the maidan
tall man and red faced white man- leader of the white's
Ira- has to go off on her own and get a family
Vocabulary:
ReplyDeletedeity- a god/goddess, desire
fertility- the state of being fertile
heme- a deep-red iron containing blood pigment
corrugated- to wrinkle
topee- a lightweight helmet or sun hat
hoist- to raise or lift
doffed- to remove or take off
emit- make a sound
mood: the mood is calm/sorrow because Rukmani can't have children but really wants a son
Mathew Le
ReplyDeletePeriod 3
Chapter 3
Essential Question:Was colonialism and its effects beneficial or harmful to the people of India?
So far in the book of chapter 3, colonialism is beneficial for this chapter because of Kennington. Kennington is a European doctor from Great Britain who tries to help Rukmani's mother recover from severe pain. He treated Rukmani's mother with powders and pills and visits her often. Ultimately, the attempt to help Rukmani's mother has ended with a painless death. The appearance and actions of Kennington proves that colonialism is beneficial because new technology and inventions were introduced from Europe especially Great Britain to India. Medicine and health advances benefit the people of Indian culture which means that colonialism does more good than harm to India.
Chapter 4
Essential Question:Was colonialism and its effects beneficial or harmful to the people of India?
On the other hand,in chapter 4 colonialism is shown to be harmful to the people of India. Hundreds of men came to the Maidan with a long line of bullock carts filled with bricks for a new tannery. When it's being built, the men all worked with an overseer and the people of the village watched. Then a white man came to speak with the overseer. This event of the new tannery being built proves colonialism harming India because the new tannery is being built on Indian's land without their permission. The white people just do anything they want and no one can stop them even though it's wrong. The new tannery on Indian land means that the white men can build anything on India, they can change India, and they can do anything to India since India has nothing against them nor have anything to say about this but watch themselves get taken over by someone else. Overall colonialism is harmful to India in chapter 4.
Chapter 3
ReplyDelete-The plot
Characters:Kennington or Kenny,Arjun, Thambi, Ira, Murugan, Raja, Old Granny,Biswas and Selvam.
Conflicts:
+ Ruku had no son for the past six years.
+ Ruku's mother is ill.
+ Ruku and Nathan are not able to afford to feed their children with only what they have now.
Setting: At the beginning of the story, Ruku went to visit her ill mother at her house. Then in her mother's house,she meets Kenny, a white doctor. He helps her get pregnant. Then later back at her home, she gave birth to Arjun and more children.
Interactions:
+ The relationship between Ruku and her mother is very close because they would always pray together.
+ The relationship between Ruku and the white doctor, Kenny is like friends. Although it is not traditionally right for her, a woman to speak about her thought to a stranger, specially a man, she still comfortable to talk to him.
Mood: The beginning of chapter 3, the mood was worry because everyone was very concern about Ruku. They were anxious because she could not get pregnant and give birth to a son.
-What effects of colonialism are present and are they positive or negative?
The effects of colonialism are positive because there is no one invading or taking control of the village yet. Plus, the doctor, a white man, is treating Ruku and the people in a excellent and nice manner. Therefore, at this part of the book, colonialism have not yet happen.
-What effects of pre-colonial life are present and are they positive or negative?
The effects of pre-colonial life are positive because even though Ruku and the village people are poor, they are still able to feed themselves. Also, the relationship between the people are very close. Everyone takes care of each other. Therefore, pre-colonial life was great for Ruku.
-Glossary of characters
Kenny - A white doctor who ministers to the people in the village. When Kenny helps Rukmani overcome her infertility, she is forever grateful, and the two become friends.
Ira - Rukmani’s daughter, her first child. Ira is named for the great Irawaddy River because water is so precious. Ira is more beautiful than either of her parents and has a sweet, obedient, uncomplaining nature.
Old Granny - A woman without family who barely scrapes a living selling produce in the village. Old Granny remains friendly with Rukmani even after Rukmani stops selling garden produce to her.
Arjun - Rukmani and Nathan’s first son.
Thambi - Rukmani and Nathan’s second son
Murugan - Rukmani and Nathan’s third son.
Raja - Rukmani and Nathan’s fourth son.
Selvam - Rukmani and Nathan’s fifth son.
Biswas - The moneylender who thrives on the misfortunes of others.
Chapter 4
ReplyDeleteThe plot
Characters: Nathan, Ruku and the village people.
Conflicts:
- Workmen started to build a tannery.
- Ruku thought their life was benefited at the end of the chapter but then Nathan told her that the workmen might be back. The workmen did came back but this time they brought pollution, more noises and etc.
-Ruku had to keep Ira at home for her safety. Though she is only 13, she is so beautiful that a lot man notices her when she walk pass.
Setting: The village where Ruku and Nathan lives.
Mood: The mood seem to be surprised because Ruku never experienced such situation where a hundred men comes to build a tannery. But then the mood change it to happy because Ruku was benefited from the tannery. However, in the end, the mood change to annoy because the workmen brought pollution and more noises to the village.
What effects of colonialism are present and are they positive or negative?
The effect of colonialism are both positive and negative because first, Ruku and her people were benefited from the tannery. However, at the end, the white workmen came back and affected the village as if the village were theirs.
What effects of pre-colonial life are present and are they positive or negative?
The effects of pre-colonial life is positive because people were naive. They did not know any technology or anything advance but they lived very happily and closely. They did not have to worry about anything.