Share your historical context, vocabulary and questions about Nectar in a Sieve by clicking on the chapters you want to share. Each person must share new information in PROPER FORMAL ENGLISH.
tenancy: occupancy of land, a house, or the like, under a lease or on payment of rent Zemindar:(in India) the owner of an agricultural estate gleaning: The act of collecting leftover crops from farmers' fields after they have been commercially harvested or on fields where it is not economically profitable to harvest dung: excrement, especially of animals; manure stipulate: to specify, often as a condition of an agreement urchin: a mischievous roguish child, especially one who is young, small, or raggedly dressed shod: a simple past tense and past participle of shoe stoutly: in a resolute manner alight: lighted up crestfallen: dejected, depressed, or disheartened kindled: to be aroused or illuminated quail: to shrink with fear jaggery: a coarse, dark sugar, especially that made from the sap of East Indian palm trees weaning: the act of substituting other food for the mother's milk in the diet of a child or young mammal taciturn: habitually silent, reserved, or uncommunicative
garrulous: tiresomely talkative self-opinionated: having an unduly high regard for oneself or one's own opinions dowry: the money, goods, or estate that a wife brings to her husband at marriage endowed: provided or supplied or equipped with preliminaries: preparatory measures docility: the trait of being easily persuaded imminent: about to occur; impending sari: a garment worn by Hindu women, consisting of a long piece of cotton or silk wrapped around the body with one end draped over the head or over one shoulder. kohl: dark makeup worn around the edges of the eyes retort: a severe, incisive, or witty reply, especially one that counters a first speaker's statement, argument, etc.
Historical Context:
Regarding marriage in India, the parents get the highest price they can for their daughter. The bride, being only a child, has no voice in the matter, and everything is arranged for her. The young man thinks chiefly of the purity of her caste, while her relations are more anxious about his wealth, and the disposition of his mother because when the bride comes to her new home, she is entirely under the rule of the mother-in-law.
Purposes of the Dowry:
1. to provide an occasion for people to boost their self esteem through feasts and displays of material objects 2. to make alliances with the families of similar status 3. to help prevent the breakup of family property 4. to get a better match for daughters 5. to furnish daughters with some kind of social and economic security
Nicole Cruz Period 2 Chapter5. Extract= to obtain against a person´s will stipulating= being specific when making a bargain Shod= trashy, poor material Ails= troubles, disturbs Kindled= excite, inspired Qualed= flinched, cowered dwelling= fix one´s attention healing= to make or become well
Nicole Cruz Period 2 Chapter 6 Tedious means causing fatigue or boredom. squabble means engaging in a petty noisy quarrel. Merits means excellence or worth. Docility means willing to obey. Imminent means close at hand or to happen soon. Sally means an outburst. Garland means a wreath of flower hung or worn as decoration. Bullock means castrated bulls. Bustle means nosey, fuss or commotion. Confections means candy or something sweet. Strewed means to scatter over a surface o spread out. Heap means a pile of things
Dew:drops of water condensed on a cool surface. tannery:a place or building where skins and hides are tanned. loot:anything taken by dishonesty, force, stealth, etc. Benefactor:a person who supports or helps a person, institution, etc. Ails:to cause pain, uneasiness, or trouble to. Grimacing:a facial expression, often ugly or contorted, that indicates disapproval, pain, etc. Namaskar:a salutation used in India where palms are together.
How arrange marriage helps the community in India: (1) helps maintain the social satisfaction system in the society (2) gives parents control, over family members, therefore, the mother or father in law has complete control over the bride . (3) enhances the chances to preserve and continue the ancestral lineage(line of descent from an ancestor or ancestors; family or ancestry) (4) provides an opportunity to strengthen the kinship(A sharing of characteristics or origins)group. (5) allows the consolidation(Strengthen) and extension of family property.
Chapter 6 : Betrothed: engaged to be married rupees:a cupronickel(Containing copper or nickel) coin and monetary unit of India, Nepal, and Pakistan, equal to 100 paise. grudge:a feeling of ill will or resentment. fretted:to feel or express worry, annoyance, discontent, or the like. wistfully:characterized by melancholy; longing; yearning. Strain:to draw tight or taut, especially to the utmost tension. To be injured or weaken. provision:the providing or supplying of something, especially of food or other necessities. embroidered:to decorate,produce or form with ornamental needlework. palanquin:(Formerly in India) a covered litter, formerly used in the Orient, carried on the shoulders of four men
torchbearers:a leader in a movement, campaign. bobbing:a short, jerky motion, to move quickly. decorous:characterized by dignified propriety in conduct, manners, appearance, character, etc.
Plot: Rukmani goes out on an errand early morning and finds her “benefactor” Kenny staring at her. She is glad and excited to see him once again and shows him the gift he has given her. She introduces her 5 boys, her daughter and husband to him. They all interact friendly to each other, the children grew fond of him and soon he helped the family. He gave Rukmani’s family food but, would mysteriously leave at times for long periods and no questioned where he went.
Characters Involved in chapter:
Rukmani: Main character. Wife of Nathan. Received treatment for Kenny Nathan: Farmer. Husband of Rukmani. Unaware of treatment. Kenny: Foreigner. Doctor. Loves children. White man. Personal background Mystery. Irawaddy: Name from Great River of Asia. Daughter of Rukmani and Nathan. First born 13 years old Thambi, Murugan, Raja, Selvam, Arjun: Sons of Rukmani and Nathan.
Vocabulary:
Rupees: A coin (Containing copper or nickel) Stipulating: being specific making a bargain Shod: poor material Ails: troubles Tenancy: under a lease or payment of rent Zemindar: the owner of an agricultural estate Gleaning: collecting leftover crops from farmers' fields after they have been commercially harvested Kindled: to be aroused or illuminated Quail: to shrink with fear taciturn: Reserved Benefactor: help to a person or cause
Tannery: a place or building where skins and hides are tanned Clamour: a loud uproar Namaskar: common spoken greeting originating from India and Nepal Garrulous: excessively talking Sari: a garment worn by Hindu women, consisting of a long piece ofcotton or silk wrapped around the body with one end draped overthe head or over one shoulder. Copra: dried kernel or meat of a coconut Morrow: tomorrow, morning Patchily: irregular in quality Replete: abundantly supplied Garland: wreath of flowers, leaves, or other material Throng: a great number of things crowded together
Rukmani believes dung is valuable. It is used for fuel and patched cracks in their house. Kenny questions Rukmani, he tells her she should use dung for fertilization. Instead of using the dung for their crops, Rukmani's family uses it for more important things.
katheryn j.b vocabulary for chapter 5: zemindar:a landownwer gleanings: things, facts that are gathered or collected from various ources than aquired as a whole dung:the excrement of animals; manure stipulating: demandor specify typically as part of a bargain or agreement urchins:a mischievous child ; one who is poorly or raggedly shod:past and past participle of SHOE benefactor: person who gives money or other help to a person or cause stoutly:brave and determined ails:trouble or afflict (someone) in mind or body grimacing:an ugly, twisted expression on a person's face crestfallen:sad or disappointed excesses:an amount of something thats more than necessary aslant:at an angle or in a sloping direction kindled:light ir set on fire honour:high respect; british spelling of HONOR gnawing: persistently worrying or distressing jaggery:a coarse dark brown sugar made in india by evaporation of the sap of palm weaning:to be strongly inflenced by tannery:a place where animal hides are tanned; workshop of a tanner taciturn: reserved or un communicative in speecg; saying little
katheryn j.b chapter 5 Rukmani should not feel uncomfortable to show her house to her "benefactor". if that is what she can afford (what she has now), she should take pride of it, no matter the condition it is in.
i think that the book takes placee in india. in chapter 5 the word zemindar is said on page 35. this connects to the zemindari system where the british people would collect taxes from the peasents. this also reminds me of the midieval times
Chapter 5 Benefactor: help to a person or cause In chapter three Kenny (the doctor) gives treatment to Rukmani since she is unable to give birth to a boy. After the treatment Rukmani gives brith to 5 boys and is delighted. To Rukmani kenny is her benefactor since he gave her these gifts. That is why she kisses his feet because she doesnt know how to repay him. Kenny how ever denys it because he doesn't really feel like he did much except helped a patient
places liked india, little girls ae forced to get married otherwise known as arranged marriage. "i assured her not a year would pass without my going to see her two three times" --> i cant even imagine how life would be if i couldnt see my little sister and my parents with a month passing by. thats tough. she is a determined yet she is hurting in the inside
"that is plenty of food" (41) in chapter 5 rukmani didnt have food to feed kenny but magically there is food at her daughters weddinf. where did it come from?
chapter 6: "Sari is one of the most common outfits used by the women of India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The exact origin of the sari is not known but researchers have successfully shown the existence of sari during the Indus Valley civilization. Sari is the national dress for the women of India. A sari is basically a long strip of cloth and the length of the sari varies from four to nine meters. There are a number of different styles in which you can wear a sari and in the most common style, you need to wrap the sari around your waist and you are then required to drape the other end over the shoulder baring the midriff. The petticoat and the blouse are also used with a sari. The blouse forms the upper garment while the sari is worn over the top of the petticoat. The blouse has short sleeves, low neck and it can be backless or of a halter neck style. A blouse is also known as a choli."-->http://www.bhangrakids.com/info/sari.shtml
Chapter 6 vocabulary: Betrothed: the person to whom one is engaged Garrulous: excessively talkative in a rambling, roundabout manner, especially about trivial matters Tedious: wordy so as to cause weariness or boredom, as a speaker or writer; prolix Squabble: to engage in a petty quarrel Preliminaries: preceding and leading up to the main part, matter, or business; introductory; preparatory Docility: easily managed or handled Fretted: ornamented Imminent: likely to occur at any moment; impending Palanquin: (formerly in India and other Eastern countries) a passenger conveyance, usually for one person, consisting of a covered or boxlike litter carried by means of poles resting on the shoulders of several men.
Waleed Yahya Chapter 5 Vocabulary tenancy: Possession or occupancy of lands, buildings, or other property by title, under a lease, or on payment of rent. Zamindar: An official in precolonial India assigned to collect the land taxes of his district. gleanings: Things that have been collected bit by bit. stipulating: to lay down as a condition of an agreement; require by contract. clamour:a loud persistent outcry, as from a large number of people. tannery: a establishment where hides are tanned. benefactor:One that gives aid, especially financial aid. ails: To feel ill or have pain. namaskar: a greeting. taciturn: quiet and less open. Chapter 6: betrothed:Engaged to be married. garrulous:Wordy and rambling tedious:Tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness; boring. squabble:To engage in a disagreeable argument. dowry:Money or property brought by a bride to her husband at marriage. rupees: type of currency. docility:Ready and willing to be taught imminent:something that is about to occur. kohl: dark eyeliner used during celebrations or occasions. It is still used now. palanquin:A covered litter carried on poles on the shoulders of four or more bearers, formerly used in eastern Asia. replete: abundantly supplied vicariously:Felt or undergone as if one were taking part in the experience or feelings of another decorous:polite behavior.
Waleed Yahya Plot: In chapter 5, Rukmani is picking from he garden when she finds the foreigner Kenny that helped her bear her sons and runs to kiss his feet for helping her and her mother. She calls him her lord and he denies it. Later on when Rukmani invites him over one problem shows up because Nathan wasn't told that he helped her bear her sons and at the time the men were very over protective over their wives and especially against foreigners that they did not trust. Kenny finds out she is still breast feeding her 3 year old and helps her more by sending her milk for him when ever he can. In chapter 6, People start becoming interested in Ira because she is too beautiful and they can not hold it off any longer so she is married at 14. While being married she is required to have a high dowry but thanks to her beauty they pay less. Young Ira does not want to marry and is hesitant by the whole process but she had to marry a young man she does not know. Ira's wedding is not the best because of money problems and that does not stop every one from being happy except the bride herself. Rukmani remains worried because that night was her daughters first night not sleeping under their roof.
Characters: Nathan: Hes a Farmer who is Husband of Rukmani. Rukmani:Wife of Nathan, Main character of the book. Murugan,Thambi,Selvam Raja,Arjun are Sons of Nathan And Rukmani and Nathan. Kenny: Hes a white man who is a foreigner and a doctor and loves children. Irawaddy: Daughter of Rukmani and Nathan.She was first born and is 13 years old.Her name comes from a Great River of Asia.
One part of pre colonialism life i realized which was negative was that they had to pay towards a British official that collected land taxes. This is negative because people are struggling to eat as it is and their money is being taken away.
Another negative part of pre colonialism life is the prices for items began to increase the more it was bought and used by the british. This is also negative because the people are struggling as it is. One positive part of pre colonial life is the British would but your materials even more so you also made more money.
In chapter 6, Ira is married at the age of 14 because she is too beautiful and many people started being attracted to her. In order to get marry, Ira is required to have a a lot of money or goods(dowry) to hive her husband, but she was too beautiful she wasn't required to no more.Although Ira wasn't required to have money, she does not want to marry someone who she does not know. Iras wedding is not the best because of economic problems, but she didn't really care about it because she wasn't happy to get married.
Plot Chapter 5 & 6 One morning, Rukmani was on her normal errand and she stumble upon Kenny (a white man, doctor). They had a small chat and Kenny was invited to Rukmani's hut. She introduced Kenny to her five sons, daughter, and husband, Nathan. Ira (daughter) served Kenny their rice water plus salt (only to him). Kenny found Ira to be very beautiful and comment about her to Rukmani and Nathan. However, Rukmani still has the thought/memory of Kenny giving her "treatment" years ago. It was about time for Ira to be married. She was already fourteen and many young men had stared at her beauty. Rukmani want to find a perfect husband for Ira. She wanted Ira's husband to have his own land and riches. Rukmani asked the Old Granny to find Ira's a match. The Old Granny found a match and they made preparation for Ira and that young man for their marriage. The marriage was celebrated with a big feast inviting the neighbors to come and eat. When the feast ended, Rukmani felt that it was lonely when this day of Ira's marriage has come and she is not sleeping at their roof.
The people in India were unadvanced because the way they had to live. Their pre colonial life was negative because they barely made it by with food and they had to use dung on their huts for protection. Colonialism had positive effects because it brought advancements that could help them live easier. On the other hand Pre colonial life had negative effects because they relied on their farms and hard work every day so that they would survive. Although colonialism also made it harder because of taxes and higher prices on their daily needs.
Daisy Galicia Period 3 Chapter 5 Plot: Rukmani is on her usual errand when she spots Kenny (the doctor who helped her into getting pregnant so that she could bear sons). She stops what she is doing and goes to greet him and then afterwards takes her to her home in which she presents Kenny to her whole family and in the end of the passage Rakmani feels guilty about not telling her husband, Nathan, that she had gone to Kenny for treatment. Kenny went to visit them often and when he saw that Rakmani's breats were sore, he brought some milk for them as well. Kenny would leave and come back and nobody even knew where he went or came from.
Historical context: In Chapter 6, Ira is forced to marry because she is already 14 and now normally marriage at such a young age is frowned upon but back then you were supposed to get married as soon as your able to have a baby. Also in India arranged marriages were normal, when the wife does not know the husband at all and vice versa. It was up to the parents or guardians to choose as well as the time for when the girl is to get married. Also back then the wife was required to bring a dowry, money or riches to the husband when they got married. Another thing that happened throughout the book was girls were worth less then boys. At this time it was considered a failure to have a girl because they were so called worth less then the boys because the boys were stronger and could help more to bring food on the table
Glossary of characters: most important in chapters 5-6 Rukmani- main character, married to Nathan and owes her life to Kenny, a white doctor. She is worried for her daughter Ira on her first day of marriage. Irawaddy- a beautiful and caring girl who has just been forced to get married with someone she does not know. Loves her family and does not want to leave them and start her own yet. Nathan- Rukmani's husband and an overprotective one at that. He dislikes the foreigners because they think they own everything and is unaware of what happened between Rukmani and Kenny. Old Granny- the best match maker for young married couples because they do not choose who they want to get married to.
Daisy Galicia Period 3 Chapter 6 Plot: In Chapter 6, Rukmani didn't want her daughter, Ira, to leave and get married, but by the age of fourteen Rukmani knew that it was time for Ira to get married. Most of the girls her age were already married and Ira had grown so beautiful that she was very attractive to men. Rukmani decided to go to Old Granny in hopes that Old Granny would find a suitable husband for Ira. Nathan and Rukmani searched through many boys until they finally found a boy who had everything they were looking for. The boy was young and one day he was going to own a portion of his father's land. Rukmani wasn't sure if there was going to be a marriage because Ira didn't have much goods to offer, however, Old Granny had said that Ira's beauty would be a find replacement for that. The marriage was set and Ira and her new husband were married. They had a big feast and Rukmani noticed as if Ira didn't want to leave her home though Ira never complained. The party ended and Ira and her new husband set off to their new home as a married couple.
Question: What kind of "treatment" is Rukmani referring to when she thought Kenny might betray her? My answer to this treatment is s__ (experimental physic). The treatment maybe s__ but I don't actually think so because why would she think she would be betrayed and not tell her husband. She betrayed her husband and slept with another guy but also can be that her husband doesn't like his wife to ask a stranger for help. I hope you can help me predict about this treatment that she does not want her husband to know.
Im sure that she didnt have experimental physics. The reason why she doesnt want her husband Nathan to find out is because she recieved treatment from a forienger. As for the treatment it self I thought it would be something like sperm mutation or something involving stem cells. It is not because this way long ago in a country that wasn't capable of it. The answer is Progeny: A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring: "the progeny of mixed marriages". Mahendiram These are method of treatment that i've researched according to Indian & Hindu Vedic system.
I agree with you Jacky because it seems to be the most reasonable explanation on how she had another baby so soon. The book shows no context whatsoever that Nathan had sex with Rukmani again and the treatment that Rukmani and Kenny were talking about seemed grave on Kenny since Kenny did not want to do this in the first place. So does this make Rukmani's son(s) Kenny's son(s)? That is a question I would like to be answered...
Also, in addition to my previous statement, when Kenny confronts with Nathan, Rukmani has a feeling of regret, and thinks if Nathan will know of her betrayal. What is this betrayal? I believe strongly this relates to Rukmani having sex with Kenny to borne a son, and that is the betrayal; the betrayal of marriage.
I disagree because Rukmani was afriad of Nathan finding out that she used help from an outside foreigner which is kenny. I still disagree that the treament could have been sex i dont really think thats what happened. Kenny takes care of the kids because it says he like children
Vocabulary jewelled: (adj) beady, gemmed, jeweled, jewelled, sequined, spangled, spangly covered with beads or jewels or sequins grimacing: (n) A sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, contempt, or disgust tedious: (adj) Tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness; boring treatment: (n) The act, manner, or method of handling or dealing with someone or something clamour: (n) loud persistent outcry, as from a large number of people
Wai Wing Lau Period 3: Honors Humanities Chapter 5
Plot: Rukmani, the main character in the story sets out one morning-as she does every morning-to collect dung from the land. As she does, she senses someone watching her and greets Kenny, the foreigner who helped her mother and her childrens' gender-Rukmani originally wanted a son to be her first child. Kenny is invited to Ruku's household and meets Ruku's family of five sons, daughter (Irawaddy), and Nathan, her husband. There is some tension between Nathan and Kenny but nevertheless the two men do not fight nor harm each other. Kenny helps out with Rukmani's household, buying her son, Selvam, milk so that she could live on without any stress on her breast. Also, Kenny tends to some people's injuries and wounds of the tannery. Sometimes, Kenny leaves the village and comes back without any given approximate time and even more quiet every time he returns.
Vocabulary:
Tenancy-Land under occupation of landlord or higher up Zemindar-Owner of agricultural estate Stipulate-To arrange/come to an agreement of an argument Benefactor-Person who confers a benefit; kindly helper Tannery-Place where a hide is converted into leather Urchin-Young mischievous boy(s) Dung-Poop/natural excess waste Namaskar-Customary greeting in a salutation form Quail-To lose heart or courage in difficulty or danger Taciturn-Quiet and reserved
Glossary of Characters:
Rukmani-Main character; Mother of 5 sons, and 1 daughter (Irawaddy) and wife to Nathan Nathan-Husband to Rukmani Kenny-Foreign doctor who grows quiet; very cooperative with children Sivaji-A fair landlord of the land that Rukmani and many of her fellow companions live on
Historical Context:
Zemindars before British rule rasied money and paid some of it to the government-in this case, the tribal leaders and such-however, British rule changed this. The British made the Zemindars into landowners and usually absent landlords, the money from villagers going to Great Britian.
Colonialism: The colonialism was both a positive and negative for people living in India under British rule. It was negative that the money was collected and Great Britian's property and not much was left for Indian people to live off of, so many people in India living under colonial times were poor. Also, in addition to this, there was a huge increase in price rates for food and such materials for living that it many Indian families starved due to this economic inequality. One positive thing is the medicine and treatment that was distributed to the people of India. Since Great Britian had gone under their Industrial Revolution, they have made a great lead in the world of medicine and health sciences. Since India is under British rule, many medical treatments that can cure most illnesses that Indian people originally couldn't are available.
Pre-Colonial life: One effect of pre-colonial life that is present is the collection of dung. This is a positive effect because, though collecting dung was rather dirty and mortifying, it did good in the fact that it coud be sold easily for a good price and used on huts/homes and repel against dampness, heat, and even mices and ants.
I also agree with Mariela and with what the others said. I have read the chapter 6 blogs and there seems to be nothing else to write about i dont really know how else to get full credit for that chapter.
What effects of pre-colonial life are present and are they positive or negative? The India's young arranged marriage is one of pre-colonial life effects. The parents of a child matches their child without them knowing the person well and get to married. The child has no rights about their marriage being taken place nor who or what his/her partner is until the marriage. The female bride is about ten to fourteen when they get married. A child that has not gone through puberty is getting married to a man in which could be at any age. It can be consider either positive or negative. A positive effect is a couple being married at a young age to produce many offspring. However, this is ideally a negative effect because the couple are being forced to get married and neither side can reject the offer the parents made for them. It can create great unhappiness if the couple really doesn't like each other. A young arranged married in the past creates a negative effect on the couple and people around them.
Chapter 5 & 6 mainly chapter 6 ~ Jacky Lee Period 3
Rukmani- female main character Nathan- husband of Rukmani Ira- daughter of Rukmani, named by a Chinese river, age fourteen, married with a young man (on Chapter 6) Ira' husband- name; unknown, age: unknown, has land, only child Kenny- white man, doctor, gave Rukmani "treatment"
Reply on Wai Wing's comment I've thought of that Wai Wing, because the betrayal of marriage would be the most reasonable explaination to her fear when Kenny was invited to her hut. Rukmani "heart quailed at his words for fear he should betray me ... I had gone to him for treatment?" (33). I find Rukmani having s__ can be the best guess I have for this "treatment" and this fear of her husband knowing.
History Context
India early marriage has a long history of time. The parents decide the match for their child whether they like it or not. The Indian subcontinent has a wide variety of wedding system. The evolution "with the expanding social reform and female emancipation that accompanied economic and literacy growth after independence, many commentators predicted the gradual demise of arranged marriages in India, and the inexorable rise of so-called 'love marriages'". The parents would find a matchmaker for the child when the child reaches a certain age of marriage. They would arrange a marriage process for the two to be husband and wife.
Wai Wing Lau Period 3: Honors Humanities Chapter 6
Plot: Ira (Irawaddy) is closing to the age where she is expected to find a husband and Rukmani is having trouble finding her a "suitable" husband. Rukmani confronts the Old Granny and asks her to help find Ira a good husband, and also begs for her forgiveness that back then, she did not sell her produce to Old Granny. The Old Granny disregards the past and does find a young, well favoured youth who would one day inherit a good portion of land. Wedding day soon came and celebrations were held in favor of Ira's wedding. Rukmani takes out her hard earned money and food, using it for this special occasion. When the event ends however, Rukmani is shown to be sleeping with her family and is not asleep, finding it hard to do so when Ira is no longer in the household...
Vocabulary:
Dowry: Gift or goods; usually money Rupee: Cupronickel coin and monetary unit of India Docile: Easily managed or handled Wistful: Pensieve; usually in a gloomy way Imminent: Likely to occur Kohl: Powder used as a cosmetic to darken the eyelids, eyebrows, etc. Flautist: Flutist; musician who plays with the flute Dhal: Indian form of curry Ghee: Kind of liquid butter, used especially in the cooking of India, made from the milk of cows or buffaloes and clarified by boiling Vicarious: Peformed;exercised, recieved, or suffered in place of another Palanquin: (formerly in India and other Eastern countries) a passenger conveyance, usually for one person, consisting of a covered or boxlike litter carried by means of poles resting on the shoulders of several men
Glossary of Characters:
Rukmani-Main Character; Wife of Nathan and mother of five sons and one daughter (Irawaddy) Nathan-Husband to Rukmani Old Granny-An old woman who used to buy Rukmani's produce; helps arrange Ira's future husband and affairs Irawaddy-Rukmani's daughter and soon to be married to a somewhat wealthy boy Janaki-Rukmani's friend Kali-Rukmani's friend Arjun-Eldest son of Rukmani and Nathan
Historical Context:
Back then, it was a custom that many young Indian youths-females particularly-to be married at a young age. The son/daughter had really no power over the custom of affairs that would be set out for him/her.
Colonialism:
There is little involvment with Colonialism but considering the fact that Rukmani's family is poor, this is one effect of Colonialism that is negative. Rukmani wishes for her daughter, Irawaddy (Ira) to have a wonderful wedding and live a great life but she has to worry about money and that is where it involves Colonialism. Since there is huge expense on food and other things to survive along with taxation, many Indian people are left extremely poor and so there is a conflict that happens due to colonialism. Money may not had played a huge part back then but now it does.
Pre-Colonial life:
One aspect shown of pre-colonial life is the customs of marriage. It is negative because there is no freedom for the son/daughter to find someone they truly love and since this is when they are young, life is somehow written out for them.
Tenancy- Possession of land or property as a tenant: "I took over the tenancy of the farm". Zemindar- An official employed by the Mughals to collect taxes from Ryots (peasants). Humane- Compassionate Extract- Remove or take out, esp. by effort or force.
Gleanings- Gleanings are grains or other produce that are gathered after a harvest. Bribes- Persuade (someone) to act in one's favor, typically illegally or dishonestly, by a gift of money or other inducement. Dung- The excrement of animals or in other words manure. Stipulating- Demand or specify (a requirement), typically as part of a bargain or agreement. Dew- Tiny drops of water that forms on cool surfaces at night, when atmospheric vapor condenses. Jewelled- Shined, made beautiful. Tannery- A place where animal hides are tanned; the workshop of a tanner. Clamour- Loud and persistent outcry. Errand- A short journey undertaken in order to deliver or collect something, often on someone else's behalf. Urchins- A mischievous young child, esp. one who is poorly or raggedly dressed. Benefactor- A person who gives money or other help to a person or cause.
Shod- Be wearing shoes of a specified kind. Stoutly- In a resolute manner.
Crestfallen- Sad and disappointed. Aslant- At an angle or in a sloping direction. Distressed- Suffering from anxiety, sorrow, or pain. Midday- The middle of the day; noon. Namaskar- The use of the greeting in which you put your hands together and then bow slightly. Honour- The state of being honored.
Quailed- Feel or show fear or apprehension. Jaggery- unrefined brown sugar made from palm sap. Selvam- Selvam or Chelvam or Selva is a Tamil name meaning wealth. Weaning- Accustom (an infant or other young mammal) to food other than its mother's milk. Taciturn- Reserved or uncommunicative in speech.
Glossary of Characters: Rukmani- Rukmani is the main character in the story. Nathan- Rukmani’s Husband. Kenny- Foreigner who is a doctor who loves kids. Sivaji- Land lord.
Historical Context- Zemindar- A shorter definition of a zemindar is an official employed by the Mughals to collect taxes from Ryots (peasants). The Mughals were a Timurid Muslim dynasty in Persia. In the 1700’s the Mughals ruled over most of the Indian sub content. It went to decline after the death of the emperor of the Mughals in 1707. Since the British there was an expansion in India in the mid 1800’s, the Mughal emperor was a pensioner of the East India Company. The last titular emperor was disposed by the British and exiled to Burma following the suppression of the Indian Mutiny in 1857. ReplyDelete
Betrothed- Formal agreement to marriage. Garrulous- Excessively talkative. Self-opinionated- Obstinate in your opinions. Tedious- Too long, slow, or dull. Squabble- A noisy petty quarrel. Dowry- Property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage Maiden- A girl or young woman, esp. an unmarried one. Favoured- Feel or show approval or preference for. Rupees- The basic monetary unit of India. Preliminaries- An action or event preceding or preparing for something fuller or more important. Docility- The trait of being agreeably submissive and manageable. Fretted- Be constantly or visibly anxious Wistfully- In a wistful manner. Imminent- About to happen. Sari- A garment consisting of a length of cotton or silk elaborately draped around the body, traditionally worn by women from the Indian subcontinent. Dhal- Lentils, a common foodstuff in India. Ghee- Clarified butter made from the milk of a buffalo or cow, used in Indian cooking.
Historical Context-
Biswas- A common surname in West Bengal and Bangladesh and they are Indian Hindus and belong to Kayasth Caste. They had a Case system in India, in other words, social class differed people. Arranged Engagements In many Hindu and Muslim cultures, the custom of arranging the marriage of daughters at a young age was practiced. In some cases it is still practiced today. The bride’s parents had to give a dowry to the groom and they chose who the husband would be for their daughters. The daughters had no say in it except for some cases depending on how strict the parents were. It was mostly accustomed though and highly practiced throughout the Middle East and some regions of Asia.
Rou Pan
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Chapter 5
tenancy: occupancy of land, a house, or the like, under a lease or on payment of rent
Zemindar:(in India) the owner of an agricultural estate
gleaning: The act of collecting leftover crops from farmers' fields after they have been commercially harvested or on fields where it is not economically profitable to harvest
dung: excrement, especially of animals; manure
stipulate: to specify, often as a condition of an agreement
urchin: a mischievous roguish child, especially one who is young, small, or raggedly dressed
shod: a simple past tense and past participle of shoe
stoutly: in a resolute manner
alight: lighted up
crestfallen: dejected, depressed, or disheartened
kindled: to be aroused or illuminated
quail: to shrink with fear
jaggery: a coarse, dark sugar, especially that made from the sap of East Indian palm trees
weaning: the act of substituting other food for the mother's milk in the diet of a child or young mammal
taciturn: habitually silent, reserved, or uncommunicative
Chapter 6
ReplyDeletegarrulous: tiresomely talkative
self-opinionated: having an unduly high regard for oneself or one's own opinions
dowry: the money, goods, or estate that a wife brings to her husband at marriage
endowed: provided or supplied or equipped with
preliminaries: preparatory measures
docility: the trait of being easily persuaded
imminent: about to occur; impending
sari: a garment worn by Hindu women, consisting of a long piece of cotton or silk wrapped around the body with one end draped over the head or over one shoulder.
kohl: dark makeup worn around the edges of the eyes
retort: a severe, incisive, or witty reply, especially one that counters a first speaker's statement, argument, etc.
Historical Context:
Regarding marriage in India, the parents get the highest price they can for their daughter. The bride, being only a child, has no voice in the matter, and everything is arranged for her. The young man thinks chiefly of the purity of her caste, while her relations are more anxious about his wealth, and the disposition of his mother because when the bride comes to her new home, she is entirely under the rule of the mother-in-law.
Purposes of the Dowry:
1. to provide an occasion for people to boost their self esteem through feasts and displays of material objects
2. to make alliances with the families of similar status
3. to help prevent the breakup of family property
4. to get a better match for daughters
5. to furnish daughters with some kind of social and economic security
Nicole Cruz Period 2
ReplyDeleteChapter5.
Extract= to obtain against a person´s will
stipulating= being specific when making a bargain
Shod= trashy, poor material
Ails= troubles, disturbs
Kindled= excite, inspired
Qualed= flinched, cowered
dwelling= fix one´s attention
healing= to make or become well
Nicole Cruz Period 2
ReplyDeleteChapter5
Dung can be used as fuel and protection against damp and heat, and even ants and mice!
i know i found that interesting...i searched a picture on google images and its seemd like mud hay branches put together and some look like feces
DeleteNicole Cruz Period 2
ReplyDeleteChapter 6
Tedious means causing fatigue or boredom.
squabble means engaging in a petty noisy quarrel.
Merits means excellence or worth.
Docility means willing to obey.
Imminent means close at hand or to happen soon.
Sally means an outburst.
Garland means a wreath of flower hung or worn as decoration.
Bullock means castrated bulls.
Bustle means nosey, fuss or commotion.
Confections means candy or something sweet.
Strewed means to scatter over a surface o spread out.
Heap means a pile of things
Chapter 5
ReplyDeleteDew:drops of water condensed on a cool surface.
tannery:a place or building where skins and hides are tanned.
loot:anything taken by dishonesty, force, stealth, etc.
Benefactor:a person who supports or helps a person, institution, etc.
Ails:to cause pain, uneasiness, or trouble to.
Grimacing:a facial expression, often ugly or contorted, that indicates disapproval, pain, etc.
Namaskar:a salutation used in India where palms are together.
i have a question? what does Ms.Karvunis Mean by "Glosssary of Characters"
ReplyDeleteBackground, information of the characters
DeleteOh okay but i guess i can write that no more because everybody wrote that.
DeleteHow arrange marriage helps the community in India:
ReplyDelete(1) helps maintain the social satisfaction system in the society (2) gives parents control, over family members, therefore, the mother or father in law has complete control over the bride .
(3) enhances the chances to preserve and continue the ancestral lineage(line of descent from an ancestor or ancestors; family or ancestry)
(4) provides an opportunity to strengthen the kinship(A sharing of characteristics or origins)group.
(5) allows the consolidation(Strengthen) and extension of family property.
Chapter 6 :
ReplyDeleteBetrothed: engaged to be married
rupees:a cupronickel(Containing copper or nickel) coin and monetary unit of India, Nepal, and Pakistan, equal to 100 paise.
grudge:a feeling of ill will or resentment.
fretted:to feel or express worry, annoyance, discontent, or the like.
wistfully:characterized by melancholy; longing; yearning.
Strain:to draw tight or taut, especially to the utmost tension. To be injured or weaken.
provision:the providing or supplying of something, especially of food or other necessities.
embroidered:to decorate,produce or form with ornamental needlework.
palanquin:(Formerly in India) a covered litter, formerly used in the Orient, carried on the shoulders of four men
torchbearers:a leader in a movement, campaign.
ReplyDeletebobbing:a short, jerky motion, to move quickly.
decorous:characterized by dignified propriety in conduct, manners, appearance, character, etc.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteErick Bonilla Period 2 Chapter 5
ReplyDeletePlot: Rukmani goes out on an errand early morning and finds her “benefactor” Kenny staring at her. She is glad and excited to see him once again and shows him the gift he has given her. She introduces her 5 boys, her daughter and husband to him. They all interact friendly to each other, the children grew fond of him and soon he helped the family. He gave Rukmani’s family food but, would mysteriously leave at times for long periods and no questioned where he went.
Characters Involved in chapter:
Rukmani: Main character. Wife of Nathan. Received treatment for Kenny
Nathan: Farmer. Husband of Rukmani. Unaware of treatment.
Kenny: Foreigner. Doctor. Loves children. White man. Personal background Mystery.
Irawaddy: Name from Great River of Asia. Daughter of Rukmani and Nathan. First born 13 years old
Thambi, Murugan, Raja, Selvam, Arjun: Sons of Rukmani and Nathan.
Vocabulary:
Rupees: A coin (Containing copper or nickel)
Stipulating: being specific making a bargain
Shod: poor material
Ails: troubles
Tenancy: under a lease or payment of rent
Zemindar: the owner of an agricultural estate
Gleaning: collecting leftover crops from farmers' fields after they have been commercially harvested
Kindled: to be aroused or illuminated
Quail: to shrink with fear
taciturn: Reserved
Benefactor: help to a person or cause
Carol Lu
ReplyDeletePeriod 2
Chapter 5 and 6 vocabulary
Tannery: a place or building where skins and hides are tanned
Clamour: a loud uproar
Namaskar: common spoken greeting originating from India and Nepal
Garrulous: excessively talking
Sari: a garment worn by Hindu women, consisting of a long piece ofcotton or silk wrapped around the body with one end draped overthe head or over one shoulder.
Copra: dried kernel or meat of a coconut
Morrow: tomorrow, morning
Patchily: irregular in quality
Replete: abundantly supplied
Garland: wreath of flowers, leaves, or other material
Throng: a great number of things crowded together
More information about dung in chapter 5
ReplyDeleteRukmani believes dung is valuable. It is used for fuel and patched cracks in their house. Kenny questions Rukmani, he tells her she should use dung for fertilization. Instead of using the dung for their crops, Rukmani's family uses it for more important things.
katheryn j.b
ReplyDeletevocabulary for chapter 5:
zemindar:a landownwer
gleanings: things, facts that are gathered or collected from various ources than aquired as a whole
dung:the excrement of animals; manure
stipulating: demandor specify typically as part of a bargain or agreement
urchins:a mischievous child ; one who is poorly or raggedly
shod:past and past participle of SHOE
benefactor: person who gives money or other help to a person or cause
stoutly:brave and determined
ails:trouble or afflict (someone) in mind or body
grimacing:an ugly, twisted expression on a person's face
crestfallen:sad or disappointed
excesses:an amount of something thats more than necessary
aslant:at an angle or in a sloping direction
kindled:light ir set on fire
honour:high respect; british spelling of HONOR
gnawing: persistently worrying or distressing
jaggery:a coarse dark brown sugar made in india by evaporation of the sap of palm
weaning:to be strongly inflenced by
tannery:a place where animal hides are tanned; workshop of a tanner
taciturn: reserved or un communicative in speecg; saying little
katheryn j.b
ReplyDeletechapter 5
Rukmani should not feel uncomfortable to show her house to her "benefactor". if that is what she can afford (what she has now), she should take pride of it, no matter the condition it is in.
why does rukmani call kenny her lord and benefactor and try to kiss his feet?; why does kenny deny it?
ReplyDeletei think that the book takes placee in india. in chapter 5 the word zemindar is said on page 35. this connects to the zemindari system where the british people would collect taxes from the peasents. this also reminds me of the midieval times
ReplyDeleteChapter 5
ReplyDeleteBenefactor: help to a person or cause
In chapter three Kenny (the doctor) gives treatment to Rukmani since she is unable to give birth to a boy. After the treatment Rukmani gives brith to 5 boys and is delighted. To Rukmani kenny is her benefactor since he gave her these gifts. That is why she kisses his feet because she doesnt know how to repay him. Kenny how ever denys it because he doesn't really feel like he did much except helped a patient
places liked india, little girls ae forced to get married otherwise known as arranged marriage.
ReplyDelete"i assured her not a year would pass without my going to see her two three times" --> i cant even imagine how life would be if i couldnt see my little sister and my parents with a month passing by. thats tough. she is a determined yet she is hurting in the inside
"that is plenty of food" (41) in chapter 5 rukmani didnt have food to feed kenny but magically there is food at her daughters weddinf. where did it come from?
ReplyDeleteshe was saving food little by little for the wedding.
Deleteoh okay thanks
Deletechapter 6:
ReplyDelete"Sari is one of the most common outfits used by the women of India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The exact origin of the sari is not known but researchers have successfully shown the existence of sari during the Indus Valley civilization. Sari is the national dress for the women of India. A sari is basically a long strip of cloth and the length of the sari varies from four to nine meters. There are a number of different styles in which you can wear a sari and in the most common style, you need to wrap the sari around your waist and you are then required to drape the other end over the shoulder baring the midriff. The petticoat and the blouse are also used with a sari. The blouse forms the upper garment while the sari is worn over the top of the petticoat. The blouse has short sleeves, low neck and it can be backless or of a halter neck style. A blouse is also known as a choli."-->http://www.bhangrakids.com/info/sari.shtml
Chapter 6 vocabulary:
ReplyDeleteBetrothed: the person to whom one is engaged
Garrulous: excessively talkative in a rambling, roundabout manner, especially about trivial matters
Tedious: wordy so as to cause weariness or boredom, as a speaker or writer; prolix
Squabble: to engage in a petty quarrel
Preliminaries: preceding and leading up to the main part, matter, or business; introductory; preparatory
Docility: easily managed or handled
Fretted: ornamented
Imminent: likely to occur at any moment; impending
Palanquin: (formerly in India and other Eastern countries) a passenger conveyance, usually for one person, consisting of a covered or boxlike litter carried by means of poles resting on the shoulders of several men.
Waleed Yahya
ReplyDeleteChapter 5 Vocabulary
tenancy: Possession or occupancy of lands, buildings, or other property by title, under a lease, or on payment of rent.
Zamindar: An official in precolonial India assigned to collect the land taxes of his district.
gleanings: Things that have been collected bit by bit.
stipulating: to lay down as a condition of an agreement; require by contract.
clamour:a loud persistent outcry, as from a large number of people.
tannery: a establishment where hides are tanned.
benefactor:One that gives aid, especially financial aid.
ails: To feel ill or have pain.
namaskar: a greeting.
taciturn: quiet and less open.
Chapter 6:
betrothed:Engaged to be married.
garrulous:Wordy and rambling
tedious:Tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness; boring.
squabble:To engage in a disagreeable argument.
dowry:Money or property brought by a bride to her husband at marriage.
rupees: type of currency.
docility:Ready and willing to be taught
imminent:something that is about to occur.
kohl: dark eyeliner used during celebrations or occasions. It is still used now.
palanquin:A covered litter carried on poles on the shoulders of four or more bearers, formerly used in eastern Asia.
replete: abundantly supplied
vicariously:Felt or undergone as if one were taking part in the experience or feelings of another
decorous:polite behavior.
Waleed Yahya
ReplyDeletePlot:
In chapter 5, Rukmani is picking from he garden when she finds the foreigner Kenny that helped her bear her sons and runs to kiss his feet for helping her and her mother. She calls him her lord and he denies it. Later on when Rukmani invites him over one problem shows up because Nathan wasn't told that he helped her bear her sons and at the time the men were very over protective over their wives and especially against foreigners that they did not trust. Kenny finds out she is still breast feeding her 3 year old and helps her more by sending her milk for him when ever he can.
In chapter 6, People start becoming interested in Ira because she is too beautiful and they can not hold it off any longer so she is married at 14. While being married she is required to have a high dowry but thanks to her beauty they pay less. Young Ira does not want to marry and is hesitant by the whole process but she had to marry a young man she does not know. Ira's wedding is not the best because of money problems and that does not stop every one from being happy except the bride herself. Rukmani remains worried because that night was her daughters first night not sleeping under their roof.
Characters:
ReplyDeleteNathan: Hes a Farmer who is Husband of Rukmani.
Rukmani:Wife of Nathan, Main character of the book.
Murugan,Thambi,Selvam Raja,Arjun are Sons of Nathan And Rukmani and Nathan.
Kenny: Hes a white man who is a foreigner and a doctor and loves children.
Irawaddy: Daughter of Rukmani and Nathan.She was first born and is 13 years old.Her name comes from a Great River of Asia.
Waleed Yahya
ReplyDeleteOne part of pre colonialism life i realized which was negative was that they had to pay towards a British official that collected land taxes. This is negative because people are struggling to eat as it is and their money is being taken away.
Another negative part of pre colonialism life is the prices for items began to increase the more it was bought and used by the british. This is also negative because the people are struggling as it is.
One positive part of pre colonial life is the British would but your materials even more so you also made more money.
In chapter 6, Ira is married at the age of 14 because she is too beautiful and many people started being attracted to her. In order to get marry, Ira is required to have a a lot of money or goods(dowry) to hive her husband, but she was too beautiful she wasn't required to no more.Although Ira wasn't required to have money, she does not want to marry someone who she does not know. Iras wedding is not the best because of economic problems, but she didn't really care about it because she wasn't happy to get married.
ReplyDeletePlot Chapter 5 & 6
ReplyDeleteOne morning, Rukmani was on her normal errand and she stumble upon Kenny (a white man, doctor). They had a small chat and Kenny was invited to Rukmani's hut. She introduced Kenny to her five sons, daughter, and husband, Nathan. Ira (daughter) served Kenny their rice water plus salt (only to him). Kenny found Ira to be very beautiful and comment about her to Rukmani and Nathan. However, Rukmani still has the thought/memory of Kenny giving her "treatment" years ago.
It was about time for Ira to be married. She was already fourteen and many young men had stared at her beauty. Rukmani want to find a perfect husband for Ira. She wanted Ira's husband to have his own land and riches. Rukmani asked the Old Granny to find Ira's a match. The Old Granny found a match and they made preparation for Ira and that young man for their marriage. The marriage was celebrated with a big feast inviting the neighbors to come and eat. When the feast ended, Rukmani felt that it was lonely when this day of Ira's marriage has come and she is not sleeping at their roof.
~Jacky Lee Period 3
The people in India were unadvanced because the way they had to live. Their pre colonial life was negative because they barely made it by with food and they had to use dung on their huts for protection. Colonialism had positive effects because it brought advancements that could help them live easier. On the other hand Pre colonial life had negative effects because they relied on their farms and hard work every day so that they would survive. Although colonialism also made it harder because of taxes and higher prices on their daily needs.
ReplyDeleteDaisy Galicia
ReplyDeletePeriod 3
Chapter 5
Plot: Rukmani is on her usual errand when she spots Kenny (the doctor who helped her into getting pregnant so that she could bear sons). She stops what she is doing and goes to greet him and then afterwards takes her to her home in which she presents Kenny to her whole family and in the end of the passage Rakmani feels guilty about not telling her husband, Nathan, that she had gone to Kenny for treatment. Kenny went to visit them often and when he saw that Rakmani's breats were sore, he brought some milk for them as well. Kenny would leave and come back and nobody even knew where he went or came from.
Historical context: In Chapter 6, Ira is forced to marry because she is already 14 and now normally marriage at such a young age is frowned upon but back then you were supposed to get married as soon as your able to have a baby. Also in India arranged marriages were normal, when the wife does not know the husband at all and vice versa. It was up to the parents or guardians to choose as well as the time for when the girl is to get married. Also back then the wife was required to bring a dowry, money or riches to the husband when they got married.
ReplyDeleteAnother thing that happened throughout the book was girls were worth less then boys. At this time it was considered a failure to have a girl because they were so called worth less then the boys because the boys were stronger and could help more to bring food on the table
Glossary of characters: most important in chapters 5-6
ReplyDeleteRukmani- main character, married to Nathan and owes her life to Kenny, a white doctor. She is worried for her daughter Ira on her first day of marriage.
Irawaddy- a beautiful and caring girl who has just been forced to get married with someone she does not know. Loves her family and does not want to leave them and start her own yet.
Nathan- Rukmani's husband and an overprotective one at that. He dislikes the foreigners because they think they own everything and is unaware of what happened between Rukmani and Kenny.
Old Granny- the best match maker for young married couples because they do not choose who they want to get married to.
Daisy Galicia
ReplyDeletePeriod 3
Chapter 6
Plot: In Chapter 6, Rukmani didn't want her daughter, Ira, to leave and get married, but by the age of fourteen Rukmani knew that it was time for Ira to get married. Most of the girls her age were already married and Ira had grown so beautiful that she was very attractive to men. Rukmani decided to go to Old Granny in hopes that Old Granny would find a suitable husband for Ira. Nathan and Rukmani searched through many boys until they finally found a boy who had everything they were looking for. The boy was young and one day he was going to own a portion of his father's land. Rukmani wasn't sure if there was going to be a marriage because Ira didn't have much goods to offer, however, Old Granny had said that Ira's beauty would be a find replacement for that. The marriage was set and Ira and her new husband were married. They had a big feast and Rukmani noticed as if Ira didn't want to leave her home though Ira never complained. The party ended and Ira and her new husband set off to their new home as a married couple.
I have a question. Most of the information was already used so what more can I write so that I can get full credit?
ReplyDeleteMy question is just like Daisy's, What can I write that hasn't been written in order to get full credit for the assignment?
ReplyDeletei agree with Daisy and Mario, i pretty much did some but i know i wont get as much credit, so what should i write?
ReplyDeleteQuestion: What kind of "treatment" is Rukmani referring to when she thought Kenny might betray her?
ReplyDeleteMy answer to this treatment is s__ (experimental physic). The treatment maybe s__ but I don't actually think so because why would she think she would be betrayed and not tell her husband. She betrayed her husband and slept with another guy but also can be that her husband doesn't like his wife to ask a stranger for help.
I hope you can help me predict about this treatment that she does not want her husband to know.
~Jacky Lee
Im sure that she didnt have experimental physics. The reason why she doesnt want her husband Nathan to find out is because she recieved treatment from a forienger. As for the treatment it self I thought it would be something like sperm mutation or something involving stem cells. It is not because this way long ago in a country that wasn't capable of it. The answer is
DeleteProgeny: A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring: "the progeny of mixed marriages".
Mahendiram
These are method of treatment that i've researched according to Indian & Hindu Vedic system.
I agree with you Jacky because it seems to be the most reasonable explanation on how she had another baby so soon. The book shows no context whatsoever that Nathan had sex with Rukmani again and the treatment that Rukmani and Kenny were talking about seemed grave on Kenny since Kenny did not want to do this in the first place. So does this make Rukmani's son(s) Kenny's son(s)? That is a question I would like to be answered...
DeleteAlso, in addition to my previous statement, when Kenny confronts with Nathan, Rukmani has a feeling of regret, and thinks if Nathan will know of her betrayal. What is this betrayal? I believe strongly this relates to Rukmani having sex with Kenny to borne a son, and that is the betrayal; the betrayal of marriage.
DeleteI disagree because Rukmani was afriad of Nathan finding out that she used help from an outside foreigner which is kenny. I still disagree that the treament could have been sex i dont really think thats what happened. Kenny takes care of the kids because it says he like children
DeleteVocabulary
ReplyDeletejewelled: (adj) beady, gemmed, jeweled, jewelled, sequined, spangled, spangly covered with beads or jewels or sequins
grimacing: (n) A sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, contempt, or disgust
tedious: (adj) Tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness; boring
treatment: (n) The act, manner, or method of handling or dealing with someone or something
clamour: (n) loud persistent outcry, as from a large number of people
~Jacky Lee
Wai Wing Lau
ReplyDeletePeriod 3: Honors Humanities
Chapter 5
Plot: Rukmani, the main character in the story sets out one morning-as she does every morning-to collect dung from the land. As she does, she senses someone watching her and greets Kenny, the foreigner who helped her mother and her childrens' gender-Rukmani originally wanted a son to be her first child. Kenny is invited to Ruku's household and meets Ruku's family of five sons, daughter (Irawaddy), and Nathan, her husband. There is some tension between Nathan and Kenny but nevertheless the two men do not fight nor harm each other. Kenny helps out with Rukmani's household, buying her son, Selvam, milk so that she could live on without any stress on her breast. Also, Kenny tends to some people's injuries and wounds of the tannery. Sometimes, Kenny leaves the village and comes back without any given approximate time and even more quiet every time he returns.
Vocabulary:
Tenancy-Land under occupation of landlord or higher up
Zemindar-Owner of agricultural estate
Stipulate-To arrange/come to an agreement of an argument
Benefactor-Person who confers a benefit; kindly helper
Tannery-Place where a hide is converted into leather
Urchin-Young mischievous boy(s)
Dung-Poop/natural excess waste
Namaskar-Customary greeting in a salutation form
Quail-To lose heart or courage in difficulty or danger
Taciturn-Quiet and reserved
Glossary of Characters:
Rukmani-Main character; Mother of 5 sons, and 1 daughter (Irawaddy) and wife to Nathan
Nathan-Husband to Rukmani
Kenny-Foreign doctor who grows quiet; very cooperative with children
Sivaji-A fair landlord of the land that Rukmani and many of her fellow companions live on
Historical Context:
Zemindars before British rule rasied money and paid some of it to the government-in this case, the tribal leaders and such-however, British rule changed this. The British made the Zemindars into landowners and usually absent landlords, the money from villagers going to Great Britian.
Colonialism:
The colonialism was both a positive and negative for people living in India under British rule. It was negative that the money was collected and Great Britian's property and not much was left for Indian people to live off of, so many people in India living under colonial times were poor. Also, in addition to this, there was a huge increase in price rates for food and such materials for living that it many Indian families starved due to this economic inequality. One positive thing is the medicine and treatment that was distributed to the people of India. Since Great Britian had gone under their Industrial Revolution, they have made a great lead in the world of medicine and health sciences. Since India is under British rule, many medical treatments that can cure most illnesses that Indian people originally couldn't are available.
Pre-Colonial life:
One effect of pre-colonial life that is present is the collection of dung. This is a positive effect because, though collecting dung was rather dirty and mortifying, it did good in the fact that it coud be sold easily for a good price and used on huts/homes and repel against dampness, heat, and even mices and ants.
I also agree with Mariela and with what the others said. I have read the chapter 6 blogs and there seems to be nothing else to write about i dont really know how else to get full credit for that chapter.
ReplyDeleteWhat effects of pre-colonial life are present and are they positive or negative?
ReplyDeleteThe India's young arranged marriage is one of pre-colonial life effects. The parents of a child matches their child without them knowing the person well and get to married. The child has no rights about their marriage being taken place nor who or what his/her partner is until the marriage. The female bride is about ten to fourteen when they get married. A child that has not gone through puberty is getting married to a man in which could be at any age. It can be consider either positive or negative. A positive effect is a couple being married at a young age to produce many offspring. However, this is ideally a negative effect because the couple are being forced to get married and neither side can reject the offer the parents made for them. It can create great unhappiness if the couple really doesn't like each other. A young arranged married in the past creates a negative effect on the couple and people around them.
Chapter 5 & 6 mainly chapter 6
~ Jacky Lee Period 3
Glossary of Characters
ReplyDeleteRukmani- female main character
Nathan- husband of Rukmani
Ira- daughter of Rukmani, named by a Chinese river, age fourteen, married with a young man (on Chapter 6)
Ira' husband- name; unknown, age: unknown, has land, only child
Kenny- white man, doctor, gave Rukmani "treatment"
~Chapter 5 & 6
~~ Jacky Lee Period 3
Reply on Wai Wing's comment
ReplyDeleteI've thought of that Wai Wing, because the betrayal of marriage would be the most reasonable explaination to her fear when Kenny was invited to her hut. Rukmani "heart quailed at his words for fear he should betray me ... I had gone to him for treatment?" (33). I find Rukmani having s__ can be the best guess I have for this "treatment" and this fear of her husband knowing.
History Context
India early marriage has a long history of time. The parents decide the match for their child whether they like it or not. The Indian subcontinent has a wide variety of wedding system. The evolution "with the expanding social reform and female emancipation that accompanied economic and literacy growth after independence, many commentators predicted the gradual demise of arranged marriages in India, and the inexorable rise of so-called 'love marriages'". The parents would find a matchmaker for the child when the child reaches a certain age of marriage. They would arrange a marriage process for the two to be husband and wife.
~Jacky Lee Period 3 Cahpter 5 & 6
Wai Wing Lau
ReplyDeletePeriod 3: Honors Humanities
Chapter 6
Plot: Ira (Irawaddy) is closing to the age where she is expected to find a husband and Rukmani is having trouble finding her a "suitable" husband. Rukmani confronts the Old Granny and asks her to help find Ira a good husband, and also begs for her forgiveness that back then, she did not sell her produce to Old Granny. The Old Granny disregards the past and does find a young, well favoured youth who would one day inherit a good portion of land. Wedding day soon came and celebrations were held in favor of Ira's wedding. Rukmani takes out her hard earned money and food, using it for this special occasion. When the event ends however, Rukmani is shown to be sleeping with her family and is not asleep, finding it hard to do so when Ira is no longer in the household...
Vocabulary:
Dowry: Gift or goods; usually money
Rupee: Cupronickel coin and monetary unit of India
Docile: Easily managed or handled
Wistful: Pensieve; usually in a gloomy way
Imminent: Likely to occur
Kohl: Powder used as a cosmetic to darken the eyelids, eyebrows, etc.
Flautist: Flutist; musician who plays with the flute
Dhal: Indian form of curry
Ghee: Kind of liquid butter, used especially in the cooking of India, made from the milk of cows or buffaloes and clarified by boiling
Vicarious: Peformed;exercised, recieved, or suffered in place of another
Palanquin: (formerly in India and other Eastern countries) a passenger conveyance, usually for one person, consisting of a covered or boxlike litter carried by means of poles resting on the shoulders of several men
Glossary of Characters:
Rukmani-Main Character; Wife of Nathan and mother of five sons and one daughter (Irawaddy)
Nathan-Husband to Rukmani
Old Granny-An old woman who used to buy Rukmani's produce; helps arrange Ira's future husband and affairs
Irawaddy-Rukmani's daughter and soon to be married to a somewhat wealthy boy
Janaki-Rukmani's friend
Kali-Rukmani's friend
Arjun-Eldest son of Rukmani and Nathan
Historical Context:
Back then, it was a custom that many young Indian youths-females particularly-to be married at a young age. The son/daughter had really no power over the custom of affairs that would be set out for him/her.
Colonialism:
There is little involvment with Colonialism but considering the fact that Rukmani's family is poor, this is one effect of Colonialism that is negative. Rukmani wishes for her daughter, Irawaddy (Ira) to have a wonderful wedding and live a great life but she has to worry about money and that is where it involves Colonialism. Since there is huge expense on food and other things to survive along with taxation, many Indian people are left extremely poor and so there is a conflict that happens due to colonialism. Money may not had played a huge part back then but now it does.
Pre-Colonial life:
One aspect shown of pre-colonial life is the customs of marriage. It is negative because there is no freedom for the son/daughter to find someone they truly love and since this is when they are young, life is somehow written out for them.
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Vocabulary
Tenancy- Possession of land or property as a tenant: "I took over the tenancy of the farm".
Zemindar- An official employed by the Mughals to collect taxes from Ryots (peasants).
Humane- Compassionate
Extract- Remove or take out, esp. by effort or force.
Gleanings- Gleanings are grains or other produce that are gathered after a harvest.
Bribes- Persuade (someone) to act in one's favor, typically illegally or dishonestly, by a gift of money or other inducement.
Dung- The excrement of animals or in other words manure.
Stipulating- Demand or specify (a requirement), typically as part of a bargain or agreement.
Dew- Tiny drops of water that forms on cool surfaces at night, when atmospheric vapor condenses.
Jewelled- Shined, made beautiful.
Tannery- A place where animal hides are tanned; the workshop of a tanner.
Clamour- Loud and persistent outcry.
Errand- A short journey undertaken in order to deliver or collect something, often on someone else's behalf.
Urchins- A mischievous young child, esp. one who is poorly or raggedly dressed.
Benefactor- A person who gives money or other help to a person or cause.
Shod- Be wearing shoes of a specified kind.
Stoutly- In a resolute manner.
Crestfallen- Sad and disappointed.
Aslant- At an angle or in a sloping direction.
Distressed- Suffering from anxiety, sorrow, or pain.
Midday- The middle of the day; noon.
Namaskar- The use of the greeting in which you put your hands together and then bow slightly.
Honour- The state of being honored.
Quailed- Feel or show fear or apprehension.
Jaggery- unrefined brown sugar made from palm sap.
Selvam- Selvam or Chelvam or Selva is a Tamil name meaning wealth.
Weaning- Accustom (an infant or other young mammal) to food other than its mother's milk.
Taciturn- Reserved or uncommunicative in speech.
Glossary of Characters:
Rukmani- Rukmani is the main character in the story.
Nathan- Rukmani’s Husband.
Kenny- Foreigner who is a doctor who loves kids.
Sivaji- Land lord.
Historical Context-
Zemindar- A shorter definition of a zemindar is an official employed by the Mughals to collect taxes from Ryots (peasants). The Mughals were a Timurid Muslim dynasty in Persia. In the 1700’s the Mughals ruled over most of the Indian sub content. It went to decline after the death of the emperor of the Mughals in 1707. Since the British there was an expansion in India in the mid 1800’s, the Mughal emperor was a pensioner of the East India Company. The last titular emperor was disposed by the British and exiled to Burma following the suppression of the Indian Mutiny in 1857.
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Chapter 6
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Vocabulary
Betrothed- Formal agreement to marriage.
Garrulous- Excessively talkative.
Self-opinionated- Obstinate in your opinions.
Tedious- Too long, slow, or dull.
Squabble- A noisy petty quarrel.
Dowry- Property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage
Maiden- A girl or young woman, esp. an unmarried one.
Favoured- Feel or show approval or preference for.
Rupees- The basic monetary unit of India.
Preliminaries- An action or event preceding or preparing for something fuller or more important.
Docility- The trait of being agreeably submissive and manageable.
Fretted- Be constantly or visibly anxious
Wistfully- In a wistful manner.
Imminent- About to happen.
Sari- A garment consisting of a length of cotton or silk elaborately draped around the body, traditionally worn by women from the Indian subcontinent.
Dhal- Lentils, a common foodstuff in India.
Ghee- Clarified butter made from the milk of a buffalo or cow, used in Indian cooking.
Historical Context-
Biswas- A common surname in West Bengal and Bangladesh and they are Indian Hindus and belong to Kayasth Caste. They had a Case system in India, in other words, social class differed people.
Arranged Engagements
In many Hindu and Muslim cultures, the custom of arranging the marriage of daughters at a young age was practiced. In some cases it is still practiced today. The bride’s parents had to give a dowry to the groom and they chose who the husband would be for their daughters. The daughters had no say in it except for some cases depending on how strict the parents were. It was mostly accustomed though and highly practiced throughout the Middle East and some regions of Asia.